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Friday, May 31, 2019

Why are computers important in todays world :: Computer Science Technology

In todays world computers are very useful because there is weather forcasting and many an(prenominal) other things. People provide forcast weather by this process by computers . Advertising is maven of the most progressive field these days . Computer sprightliness is the art of creating moving images by this use of computers . We can use use internation network (internet) to check mail, play games, find others addresses , etc. Scientists besides use computers for their experiments . there are some documents to type. For example MS Word , MS Exel , etc . We can do our school project also by using computers. There is one thing which is very conveinient for us it is that we can shed or chat with people who are in another country by using google talk , yahoo messenger , etc . It is not at all expensive . It is better than using a telephone or a mobile . We can also send voicemails through google talk , yahoo messenger , etc . We can play many games using a computer . For example p inball , soltaire , spider soltaire , etc . gestate it or not, but the age of computers is upon us. I believe Computers are not only here to stay, but in my opinion computers are the wave of the future. only if a device like the computer can change the way we work, live, and think. I see computers taking us places where no man has gone before. students can receive an education from their own home Taking classes online is an option that a growing number of students are taking advantage of. These classes are making a college education available for students who are not able to attend a traditional university or college. Computers are taking us places where a lot of us thought was not possible. Truly it is my belief and opinion, the computer is one of the most incredible inventions of this time period or any other.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Economy, Morality, Gender, and Ethnic Stereotyping Essay -- essays Pap

Economy, Morality, Gender, and Ethnic Stereotyping Critical Essay on Pinocchio Disneys Pinocchio has been a long time favorite of American close. However, time has changed and so has our culture. We argon no bimestrial described or categorized by being white, European, primarily heterosexual, Protestant, and bourgeois. I have to argue that that emboss is still in effect. As times have changed so have our people and their values. Now, we are described as The Melting Pot of religions, race, sex, and class. Pinocchio was fitting for the culture of 1940 but as for straight off it not so appropriate. Industrialism, Capitalism, and the ruling bourgeoisie are the themes in this movie not only because they probably reflect Walts avow life but American life as well. Americans were thrust into the Capitalist ideal in the Post War years and I feel Pinocchio reflects that ideal. by and by WWII Americans wanted to boost the economy. unitary of the ways of doing this was by propaganda. P inocchio is a prime example of such propaganda. The economy was ghastly, buildings were flattened in Europe, and the process of rebuilding was intimidating because Europe was demolished. In 1946 Pinocchio was performing in Europe but no revenue was coming in due to the damaged economy,(). The ideal was to be white, heterosexual, masculine, Protestant, bourgeois, young, and American as listed in the school text Book on page 186. To drive society into this ideal mass media was utilized. In Classical Marxist terms, The mass media are a means of production, which in capitalist society are in ownership of the ruling class. According to this stance, the mass media functioned to produce false consciousness in the working-classes, ( ...g and racism is looked upon as sensual and politically incorrect. We no longer have separate water fountains and schools for whites or blacks, which is a great accomplishment, and we no longer find No Irish fatality Apply signs hanging in employing resta urants. Pinocchio is a confirmation to the many changes that have taken place in todays society. Yet, if it were played now instead of then I know the aim would neer make it in the theatres. We have grown far beyond the ideals that Walt Disney portrayed in his Pinocchio movie and I am idealistic of that accomplishment. Instead of viewing the film with the innocent mind of a child unknowing and trusting I viewed the film as a scholar. I byword the film as abrasive material and obviously its motive to me was full of propaganda to get our nation to work harder. It is a shame that our children had to be used to subject us to that model. Economy, Morality, Gender, and Ethnic Stereotyping Essay -- essays PapEconomy, Morality, Gender, and Ethnic Stereotyping Critical Essay on Pinocchio Disneys Pinocchio has been a long time favorite of American culture. However, time has changed and so has our culture. We are no longer described or categorized by being white, Europe an, primarily heterosexual, Protestant, and bourgeois. I have to argue that that stereotype is still in effect. As times have changed so have our people and their values. Now, we are described as The Melting Pot of religions, race, sex, and class. Pinocchio was fitting for the culture of 1940 but as for now it not so appropriate. Industrialism, Capitalism, and the ruling bourgeoisie are the themes in this movie not only because they probably reflect Walts own life but American life as well. Americans were thrust into the Capitalist ideal in the Post War years and I feel Pinocchio reflects that ideal. After WWII Americans wanted to boost the economy. One of the ways of doing this was by propaganda. Pinocchio is a prime example of such propaganda. The economy was ghastly, buildings were flattened in Europe, and the process of rebuilding was daunting because Europe was demolished. In 1946 Pinocchio was playing in Europe but no revenue was coming in due to the damaged economy,(). The id eal was to be white, heterosexual, masculine, Protestant, bourgeois, young, and American as listed in the Text Book on page 186. To drive society into this ideal mass media was utilized. In Classical Marxist terms, The mass media are a means of production, which in capitalist society are in ownership of the ruling class. According to this stance, the mass media functioned to produce false consciousness in the working-classes, ( ...g and racism is looked upon as ignorant and politically incorrect. We no longer have separate water fountains and schools for whites or blacks, which is a great accomplishment, and we no longer find No Irish Need Apply signs hanging in employing restaurants. Pinocchio is a confirmation to the many changes that have taken place in todays society. Yet, if it were played now instead of then I know the film would never make it in the theatres. We have grown far beyond the ideals that Walt Disney portrayed in his Pinocchio movie and I am proud of that accompli shment. Instead of viewing the film with the innocent mind of a child unknowing and trusting I viewed the film as a scholar. I saw the film as abrasive and obviously its motive to me was full of propaganda to get our nation to work harder. It is a shame that our children had to be used to subject us to that model.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Language Separation in Immigrant Families Essay -- Immigrants Immigrat

Language Separation in Immigrant FamiliesIn America, each family usually has a standard language spoken in the household. Communication is informal and mothers can talk with their children and they can connect with them. Some people who have this benefit are unaware that some families do not have this improvement in their homes. Lee Thomas and Linh Cao understand that some families have language change through each generation. Cao herself lived in house where her relatives used several contrary languages and learned first hand that there are many losses when a family doesnt share a common language. Thomas and Cao wrote this article specifically for parents and families that have language separation through generations. Both authors have background knowledge about language from their experiences. Thomas was a teacher of linguistics at the University of Nevada. Cao taught English at Sparks High School in Nevada. Cao also grew up in a family where the language predominately spoken by each person changed by age group. She was born in Vietnam and her first language was ...

Factors of Creation of Nationalism Essay -- Political Science

It is nationalism which engenders nations, and not the other way round. Such words were written by prominent social anthropologist Ernest Gellner in his work Nations and Nationalism (1983). Nationalism can be defined as a person or groups loyalty and support for their nation, whatever that nation may be. This brings to light a precise troublesome and tortuous subject. Expressed simply as Nationalism, this be is very controversial, many hailing it as a propitious concept, while others putting it down and viewing it in animosity. But what is more controversial & more complex would be the establishment of such. What effects its creation? What factors develop it? And what factors affect it the most? As with the topic of beauty, War, or Religion, nationalism and its roots are a again, a being of much controversy. Constantly being argued upon, assumptions of nationalisms creation ranges from it being solely created upon historic, religious, social, geographical, and economical factors, or any combination(s) of the factors stated. An example of an argument which supports History as being the primary (and possibly the only) source of nationalism is prevalent within Margret Macmillans work The Uses and Abuses of History (2009) where she states that History provides much of the fuel for Nationalism and that the jubilancy of the nations great achievementsand the shared sorrow at its defeatssustain and foster it. What she fails to mention is that there is more to development of nationalism than just history. with my eyes it is evident that Professor Macmillan hasnt fully grasped the depth, or simply has ignored the other factors of nationalism. In respect to a nation and its nationalism, history has a major impact on its... ...D=567.French Revolution (1787-99) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. .Lecture 11 The Origins of the French Revolution. The History Guide -- Main. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 M ar. 2012. .MacMillan, Margaret. The uses and abuses of history. Toronto Penguin Canada, 2009. Print.Sebesta, Edward , and Euan Hague. The US civilian War as a Theological War Confederate Christian Nationalism and the League of the South. 22 (2002) 253-271. Print.The Reformation. History Learning Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. .Gellner, Ernest . Nations and Nationalism. 1983. Reprint. Oxford Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Print.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

War and Terror - It’s Time to Stop the Killing :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

War and Terror - Its Time to Stop the Killing Somewhere within the last 120,000 super acid years, our ancestors began migrations quite different from each that appear in the archeological record preceding that time and somewhere between forty and l thousand years ago those migrations accelerated to the signify that Cro Magnon hominids, our forebears, settled every nook and cranny on the planet. The last major migration occurred when the land span opened up in Siberia, as the glacier receded cardinal thousand years ago, and Homo Sapiens, who our species had become by then, trudged all the way to Tierra del Fuego within a thousand years or so. Jared baseball diamond (The Third chimp & Guns, Germs, and Steel) makes a case for some biological change, probably related to speech, as the variable fashioning such migrations possible. He also makes the observation that these mankind migrations were coincident with the extinction of bragging(a) mammals. The archeological evi dence seems to bear this out. All over the planet there is fossil evidence of the extinction of one large mammal after another at approximately the same time the human migrations happened in that touch off of the world. Some scientists speculate that the cause of these extinctions ismore heterogeneous than the fact that they are coincident with the expansion of the number of world and they are probably right neertheless something of major proportions in the evolution of our species definitely changed to get out humans to sweep across all but the most uninhabitable places on earth in a relatively short period of time. Dr. Diamond is careful to temper his speculation with the caution thatall the facts are not yet in, and probably never will be, I might add. As abiology-oriented scientist, he continues to look to some physical/anatomicalchange to account for the advances made by humans resulting in our capacityto take on the unk outrightn dangers lying beyond the next range o f mountains oracross the next river. For a couple of cardinal years humans had evolved fairly slowly towardthat office when a great leap occurred in the pace of our outgrowth.Anatomically we are about the same now as we have been for the last 125,000years, so the count on is that some language advancement made the difference.Linguists have traced the capacity to speak back through a few protolanguages to a point where the development of the ability to speak gets lostWar and Terror - Its Time to Stop the Killing combative Persuasive Argument EssaysWar and Terror - Its Time to Stop the Killing Somewhere within the last 120,000 thousand years, our ancestors began migrations quite different from any that appear in the archeological record preceding that time and somewhere between forty and fifty thousand years ago those migrations accelerated to the point that Cro Magnon hominids, our forebears, settled every nook and cranny on the planet. The last major migration occurre d when the land bridge opened up in Siberia, as the glacier receded ten thousand years ago, and Homo Sapiens, who our species had become by then, trudged all the way to Tierra del Fuego within a thousand years or so. Jared Diamond (The Third Chimpanzee & Guns, Germs, and Steel) makes a case for some biological change, probably related to speech, as the variable making such migrations possible. He also makes the observation that these human migrations were coincident with the extinction of large mammals. The archeological evidence seems to bear this out. All over the planet there is fossil evidence of the extinction of one large mammal after another at approximately the same time the human migrations happened in that part of the world. Some scientists speculate that the cause of these extinctions ismore complicated than the fact that they are coincident with the expansion of the number of humans and they are probably right but something of major proportions in the evolution of our species definitely changed to allow humans to sweep across all but the most uninhabitable places on earth in a relatively short period of time. Dr. Diamond is careful to temper his speculation with the caution thatall the facts are not yet in, and probably never will be, I might add. As abiology-oriented scientist, he continues to look to some physical/anatomicalchange to account for the advances made by humans resulting in our capacityto take on the mysterious dangers lying beyond the next range of mountains oracross the next river. For a couple of million years humans had evolved fairly slowly towardthat point when a great leap occurred in the pace of our development.Anatomically we are about the same now as we have been for the last 125,000years, so the guess is that some language advancement made the difference.Linguists have traced the capacity to speak back through a few protolanguages to a point where the development of the ability to speak gets lost

War and Terror - It’s Time to Stop the Killing :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

War and Terror - Its Time to Stop the Killing Somewhere inwardly the last 120,000 thou years, our ancestors began migrations quite different from either that appear in the archeological record preceding that time and somewhere between forty and liter thousand years ago those migrations accelerated to the diaphragm that Cro Magnon hominids, our forebears, settled every nook and cranny on the planet. The last major migration occurred when the land keep going opened up in Siberia, as the glacier receded tenner thousand years ago, and Homo Sapiens, who our species had become by then, trudged all the way to Tierra del Fuego within a thousand years or so. Jared rhombus (The Third chimp & Guns, Germs, and Steel) makes a case for some biological change, probably related to speech, as the variable fashioning such migrations possible. He also makes the observation that these human race migrations were coincident with the extinction of enlarged mammals. The archeological evid ence seems to bear this out. All over the planet there is fossil evidence of the extinction of one large mammal after another at approximately the same time the human migrations happened in that start out of the world. Some scientists speculate that the cause of these extinctions ismore heterogeneous than the fact that they are coincident with the expansion of the number of universe and they are probably right only something of major proportions in the evolution of our species definitely changed to take on humans to sweep across all but the most uninhabitable places on earth in a relatively short period of time. Dr. Diamond is careful to temper his speculation with the caution thatall the facts are not yet in, and probably neer will be, I might add. As abiology-oriented scientist, he continues to look to some physical/anatomicalchange to account for the advances made by humans resulting in our capacityto take on the unk directlyn dangers lying beyond the next range of moun tains oracross the next river. For a couple of one thousand thousand years humans had evolved fairly slowly towardthat place when a great leap occurred in the pace of our training.Anatomically we are about the same now as we have been for the last 125,000years, so the venture is that some language advancement made the difference.Linguists have traced the capacity to speak back through a few protolanguages to a point where the development of the ability to speak gets lostWar and Terror - Its Time to Stop the Killing contentious Persuasive Argument EssaysWar and Terror - Its Time to Stop the Killing Somewhere within the last 120,000 thousand years, our ancestors began migrations quite different from any that appear in the archeological record preceding that time and somewhere between forty and fifty thousand years ago those migrations accelerated to the point that Cro Magnon hominids, our forebears, settled every nook and cranny on the planet. The last major migration oc curred when the land bridge opened up in Siberia, as the glacier receded ten thousand years ago, and Homo Sapiens, who our species had become by then, trudged all the way to Tierra del Fuego within a thousand years or so. Jared Diamond (The Third Chimpanzee & Guns, Germs, and Steel) makes a case for some biological change, probably related to speech, as the variable making such migrations possible. He also makes the observation that these human migrations were coincident with the extinction of large mammals. The archeological evidence seems to bear this out. All over the planet there is fossil evidence of the extinction of one large mammal after another at approximately the same time the human migrations happened in that part of the world. Some scientists speculate that the cause of these extinctions ismore complicated than the fact that they are coincident with the expansion of the number of humans and they are probably right but something of major proportions in the evolution o f our species definitely changed to allow humans to sweep across all but the most uninhabitable places on earth in a relatively short period of time. Dr. Diamond is careful to temper his speculation with the caution thatall the facts are not yet in, and probably never will be, I might add. As abiology-oriented scientist, he continues to look to some physical/anatomicalchange to account for the advances made by humans resulting in our capacityto take on the nameless dangers lying beyond the next range of mountains oracross the next river. For a couple of million years humans had evolved fairly slowly towardthat point when a great leap occurred in the pace of our development.Anatomically we are about the same now as we have been for the last 125,000years, so the guess is that some language advancement made the difference.Linguists have traced the capacity to speak back through a few protolanguages to a point where the development of the ability to speak gets lost

Monday, May 27, 2019

Racial discrimination in the Workplace Essay

Racial disparity has long been a problem in social history. The discrimination of ethnic minorities has been a controversial issue, existent in inn, and workplaces for numerous years. The writ of execution of ethnic monitoring and positive discrimination in trans pull through mechanism has increased the total of ethnic employees and gone a long elan to mend the bridge of in enoughity which has burdened society for a long time.another(prenominal) method introduced to try and counter the racial inequality in employment is that of Affirmative Action. Affirmative act c alls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education and contracting decisions, to increase their number in the workplace.Affirmative exploit is a controversial issue which has been debated by many. In this essay I am going to look at the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action and what affect it has on society. I willing also debate whether I think affirmative acti on is a fair method to implement in organisations, and also whether it can be considered to be fair from a philosophical perspective.Affirmative action was be as an attempt to enlarge opportunity for perpetuallyyone, it was designed to redress the imbalances caused by long-standing discrimination. Defenders of affirmative action argue that granting modest advantages to minorities and women is more than fair, given hundreds of years of discrimination that benefited whites and men. This implies that as b drops have previously suffered from detrimental racist discrimination and wrongdoings, including slavery and not having the right to vote, they now deserve extra benefits to compensate. This is known as change of mind racialism. It argues that as whites once set themselves apart from blacks and claimed privileges for themselves while denying them to others, now, on the basis of guide, blacks ar able to claim special status and reserving for themselves privileges they deny to othe rs.The incertitude then arises Do two wrongs make a right? This is what affirmative action is condoning. It says that we are allowed to overlooksuitable white campaigners if a black candidate is available. This means that even if the white candidate were a better choice and more qualify for the job, the black soul would be operated because of the past injustices his race has suffered. People say affirmative action is acceptable because it cures past discrimination (Keyes 1996). However, discrimination was not acceptable when blacks were the ones discriminated against, therefore its not ok when whites are discriminated against (DeWit 1996).The answer is that two wrongs do not make a right affirmative action does not make discrimination acceptable, just because it is now against whites sort of of blacks.It has been said that job discrimination is grounded in prejudice and exclusion, whereas affirmative action is an effort to overcome prejudicial treatment through inclusion. Th e most effective way to cure society of exclusionary practices is to make special efforts at inclusion, this is what affirmative action does. We can explain the theory behind affirmative action with this example the system of logic of affirmative action is no different than the logic of treating a nutritional deficiency with vitamin supplements. For a healthy psyche, high doses of vitamin supplements may be unnecessary or even harmful, but for a person whose system is out of balance, supplements are an efficient way to restore the bodys balance.The equal opportunities law was introduced into society collectable to the discrimination ethnic minorities had received in history. The policies were implemented to counter racial discrimination and bias. Thus, the equal opportunities law was not created to treat different races differently, its utilisation was to treat all people as equals. Affirmative action, however, does not adhere to this principal as by dismissing perfectly capable white candidates for a procedure in order to employ a less qualified black person, we are not treating everyone as equals. (Hacker 1990).A major disadvantage of affirmative action in the workplace is the affect it has on the organisation and its employees. Affirmative action can be very detrimental to the organisation as hiring an under qualified worker putsothers at risk if he or she doesnt have enough experience. It is also financially dangerous and a company should not settle inexperienced people to do work theyre not qualified for.Affirmative action will only work short term because if you hire a minority who is under qualified they will eventually lose their job. Another problem arises as organisations can only hire so many people, and this may result in too many under qualified people working for you and will eventually have to abandon affirmative action all together.Affirmative action means that employees who benefit from it bear the mark of not being the best pick, but on ly the best pick from a limited group (DeWit 1996) It would be better for an employees self-esteem if they knew they got a job because they were the best person for the job, not because they were black and under-represented.It is also possible that because of affirmative action, racism within an organisation will increase. If a company hires a black person who is not as good as another white candidate, employees will begin to resent him/her. If they gained their job based on their skin colour, rather than because they were the most qualified, they may become disliked and resented because of their skin colour. This could also lead to lack of respect for a black boss which would be detrimental to the organisation and the triumph of employees.One of the arguments for affirmative action is that blacks should be compensated for injustices done to their ancestors by white people. This idea contradicts the human right of individuality. It implies that if a white persons ancestor showed ra cist behaviour, they will be discriminated against because of this. The reality of this is completely unfair, why should one person be punished for something they had no control over, and similarly why should black people receive preferential treatment for behaviour they have not suffered from. That is to say, a black man will be treated in a better way than a white man, as his grandfather was the victim of slavery. The implementation of this is unrealistic and immoral,especially as we should aim to promote equality among all. As discussed above this kind of preferential treatment will only cause tartness and ultimately the resentment of the black man, purely for being black.The real factor in affirmative action, is that are blacks getting their jobs because they are qualified and able, or because they are black? If the decisive factor is their skin colour and not their ability to work, then affirmative action is a flawed method. Businesses will only ever survive and be profitable if they employ the most suitable and qualified candidate for the job. For this to happen and for the organisation to ensure they have hired the best person for the job, recruitment methods must be colour-blind. This means the people in charge of recruitment should assess each application based on its merits and qualifications, not on the ethnic background of the applicant.Discrimination can only be rooted out by enforcing strictly anti-discrimination rules, without engaging in reverse discrimination which would alienate good white male candidates for employment and promotion who, after all, are not to be blamed by past injustices.From a philosophical office of view affirmative action does not comply with deontological theory, which states that it is our duty to do what is right whatever its consequences, and what is right consists in treating all human beings with respect and due consideration for their rights and liberties. This shows us that racial discrimination goes against the se deontological beliefs. However, as deontology shows us that racism is wrong, as it does not treat all human beings with respect, does this mean affirmative action is the right way to go? In my opinion, affirmative action is not a solution to the deontological problem of racism. That is because affirmative action does not treat all human beings with respect and due consideration. Affirmative action disregards the consideration of the white men applying for the jobs, as its aim is to employ black people.From a utilitarian tear down of view, affirmative action has some key flaws. Utilitarianism says in effect that the rightness of an action (or practicalpolicy) consists in its tendency to produce the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people than any alternative. Affirmative action would therefore only work if the people within a company were for the idea. Taking a more likely situation, based on historical facts, there are more likely to be a greater number of white males in an organisation. If this is the case and one of them is overlooked for promotion because of a less qualified black man, as the company is employing affirmative action, this goes against utilitarianism ideologies of promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.In conclusion, I do not agree with affirmative action, the unfair treatment of ethnic minorities has been a harsh reality on society for a long time and it needs to be addressed. However, the method of affirmative action, which goes out of its way to hire a black man, purely because he is black, leads us to the equal racial inequality that was a problem when blacks were not hired, for being black.Although the idea of affirmative action was implemented to give black people better opportunities it is tranquillize a form of discrimination. When an employer hires someone because he or she is a minority, even if someone else if more qualified to do the job, it is discrimination. Just because i t is reverse discrimination, when whites are discriminated against and minorities are being discriminated for, doesnt make it right. Affirmative action legalizes discrimination. (Steele 1990)The efforts of affirmative action are no different from the policies that created the disadvantages in the first place, although the idea is essay to redress the balance of inequality, I feel it is causing more harm than good in the work place.It is undemocratic to give one class of citizens advantages at the expense of other citizens the truly democratic way is to have a level playing field to which everyone has access and where everyone has a fair and equal chance to succeed purely on the basis of his or her merit.Hard work and merit, not race or religion or gender or birthright, should determine who prospers and who does not.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Charm bracelet Essay

My charm gaud is a symbol of me and everything I stand for. It is a chain bracelet with many different charms. Each charm symbolizes an event or an item that makes me who I am. My turtle charm represents my speed. My breeding has always been at a thick pace, never have I been quick with anything I do. I feel that people dont slow down to just enjoy lifes every beauty. I take time to slow down and walk this earth with thankfulness, like a turtle. My cowgirl boots charm represents my pride. I gather the cows, intrust out hay, and mend to what is needed. After the work is d integrity I put on my dress put those same boots on that I installed great total of work and dance. I take pride in being a beautiful women and doing a job only for men. My boots have stunning lacing work, just now still gets the job done, like me.My two hearted charm represents my compassion. My attitude towards others is nothing shy from compassionate. This world has many harsh dealings I try to envision peo ple and their pain. Compassion is all it takes to change a persons life. Like my heart, is full of compassion. My angel charm represents my faith. I am a churl of God I try to do my best to follow his teachings. I go to church every Sunday. Im very active in my youth group, and was asked to teach weekday school next year. My father always told me angels watch over us and guides us I will someday be one of those angels.My charm bracelet carries many symbols of me and my life. It shows my faith, my compassion, my speed, and my beauty as a hard working woman. This is me and what I stand for, dont ask of anything else you will be left disappointed.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Excerpt from Ignor Stravinsky Essay

In this passage, Stravinsky discusses orchestra conductors, making observations and conclusions concerning their true necessity. He seemingly has c arfully studied conductors demeanour and effectively conveys his view to the reader. To present his point of view clearly, Stravinsky makes use of diction, satirical statements, and comparisons.Stravinsky manipulates his diction throughout the passage. He often uses quotations to place emphasis on authoritative words. His placement of quotes around the words great and style encourage the reader to look into the word for added meaning. throughout, Stravinskys overall diction and statements seem rather flush and bold. He does not hesitate to present his feelings about the subject. For instance, he boldly states that the incidence of self-importance disease is naturally high to begin with. In doing so he presents the reader with the feeling of confidence. In turn, the reader doesnt question Stravinskys overall knowledge of the subject m atter. Also this creates a sense of informality. Throughout the passage, it seems as though Stravinsky is simply conversing with his audience. He uses parentheses and dashes within statements to create somewhat of an aside with the reader as in lines 9 and 31-34. Using this technique makes the reader feel more comfortable and indeed better relate to the ideas being presented.Stravinsky also employs satire to attack the necessity of conductors in orchestras. Opening, Stravinsky states that conductors careers are not aquiline on music ability, but on the society women (including critics). Through this statement, Stravinsky communicates that a career dependent on the ideas of women contradicts a career in music. Continuing, he speaks of ego as a natural trait in all men, and as an uncontrollable disease. In this, Stravinsky attacks how the conductors are merely concerned with their status rather than the type of the music they render.The quotations around the words great and style a lso serve to create a satirical emphasis on the words accompanying connotations. For instance, conductors are often revered as great but for various reasons. According to Stravinsky, this status is not acquired through the creation of great music, but through making the former seem to be true. Also the conductors style,according to Stravinsky, is not a genuine technique in conducting, but merely a series of fabricated gestures that make them unique from other conductors.Several comparisons to conducting also serve to express Stravinskys overall point of view and desired message. First, he relates conducting directly to politics. He regards conducting as more for the making of careers and exploiting personalities. Conductors must manipulate people just as politicians do they must be a have it off angler. Through the manifestation of the relationship between politics and conducting, Stravinsky depicts conducting as a dishonest and manipulative affair. Stravinsky then speaks of conduc tors ego and relates it to a disease, a disease that grows bid a tropical weed under the sun of a pandering public.This comparison demonstrates how conductors egos control their actions and provide the social faade of greatness. Stravinsky relates conductors to actors as well. He mentions that conductors must playing period a role to appear great. Also expressed in the passage is that most audiences know very little about the music being performed, therefore allowing the conductor to merely show the audience how to feel and react.In conclusion, Stravinsky attacks the actual necessity and overall role of orchestra conductors. Throughout he effectively uses distinct rhetorical devices and language and, in turn, successfully conveys his inclusive perception of them.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Analytical of Brent Staples Essay

In Black Men and Public Space, Brent Staples makes the most interesting idea that, people look forever and a day to black men as a threat, they see both dark skinned youth as an incoming danger, and that is what Staples implies in his essay. He also explains when he was materialisation, people looked at him as a mugger or, a rapist or even worse. So, throughout his essay we can see Staples realization of the fact that, people r atomic number 18ly change their likely about black ribs. He is laborious to bring discrimination problem into the spot light, a problem that should allow disappeared hundreds of years ago. This problem still mocking the peace of this community and to find reasonable solutions for it, he is trying to make people sympathize with his cause by making them live his life in his own words. The literary elements Staples used played an important role to grab readers attention and feel his pain, and the problems he went through. His realization that he shoul d compensate with community with more understanding, and that appeared in his language and word choice along with the sarcastic tones, irony, and metaphors.At the beginning, Staples tries to visualize the offset impact with the night walkers, he started with my first victim which is a sarcastic and all the same very sad tone, because it carries in it a deep meaning of how people see him (188). The language indicates a uncorrupted sense of understanding people around him, a sense of understanding in which he mentions specifically the distance between him and his first victim as menacingly close from her prospective even if it was from discreet, inflammatory distance in his prospective which, implicates a good understanding of the situation (188), even though the opposed between the two of them was quite far his first victim considered dangerously close.Staples continues to analyze the situation that happened a decade ago withmore understanding. He explains why he felt wonderin g(a) when he was a graduate student newly arrived at the University of Chicago (188). He was able to change the surroundings, in a bad way, through only his presence among people as he looked undistinguishable from muggers (189). His tone is carrying a lot of sadness because his look may need the reception of others in a way that may have been hurting him. Staples also uses metaphors like public space to indicate the huge effect on the people around him (188), and accomplice in tyranny indicates irony because he never participated in such an action. On the contrary, people who treated him badly may have done it. When fear and weapons meet is another metaphor, and implies the danger of looking like a mugger for the people around you, and also sounds scary and dangerous.Staples also mentioned how he was helpless when people closed their door lock fearing him, he mentioned the sound which this act produces thunk, thunk, thunk , thunk. (189) He states how they are hammering down the door lock every time he is passing the stopped cars at night, which sounds horrifying not for them but for staples and this is a kind of irony because they are scared from him but their reaction scared him(189). Than staples mentions how when he moved to New York, the same stereotype remained and people also treated him the same when he used to walk at night, he describes the streets of Manhattan as narrow and tightly spaced and its buildings to shut out the sky, which is a symbolism that pictures the buildings as a barrier which close the sky (189).The situation could have been catastrophic for him when he passes people because they may fear the worst of him and take action according to that assumption and this could be fatal (189). Also, he mentions how people always fear the worst of him which is irony because the real fear comes from them as they may react violently thinking that they are protecting themselves not the opposite (189). Also, he mentioned how people set their faces on neutral when they see him this is another symbolism staples use to describe the reaction of people when they saw him, how uncomfortable they are around him. But, beside his sadness, Staples has a sense of understanding why people would do such a thing why they got scared when they see him, and that was clear when he said, I understand, of course, that the danger they perceive is not ahallucination (189), which is an obvious tone of understanding. Staples also uses words like alienation which indicates his sadness and isolation because, it is his land but, feels as a stranger (189).Staples then explains that he is not a stranger from Chester, Pennsylvak and explains why he would never think like a mugger, or a rapist. He is saying that he grew up like one of the good boys which carries a lot of irony because, people thought that he is a bad person, but he was really one of good boys (189). He continues explaining why he grew up a good boy, how he buried his friends who really die d young or as he said they were babies which is a metaphor that gives us a good idea of how those kids wasted their lives for nothing and died very young. That led Staples to be a shadow, a whose presence creates fear in people, and that is another irony because, how could the people get scared from such a nice guy?This nice guy is always misunderstood by people, always has been treated badly over the years. He mentioned how he could not prove who he is when he had a story to write and he is saying, I had no way of proving who I was, and the tone here is weakness, sadness, and bitty (190). He also mentions his experience in jewelry store, and how the lady back then thought He is a thief or something, and she got the dog an enormous Doberman (190), and that brings a picture to ones mind about the dark ages when slavery took place, widely, all over The United States it shows the brutality, and discrimination that happens against African American youth as he mentions how such episodes are not common. Black men trade tales like this all the time (190).Staples mentions also that it is not only him who had been subjected to such discrimination but also some(prenominal) black guys who keep telling their stories as staples said, black men trade tales like this all the time (190) and that emphasizes the fact that this is a kind of discrimination against a group of people, in this case the black men. So to deal with that, staples now take precautions although it sounds as irony because, he is the victim of the community and yet he has to take precautions, and make himself less threatening? (190)Staples succeeded to grab peoples attention to his cause by showing his experiences and pain through several(prenominal) literary elements especially irony, metaphors and word choice, and that made the reader more sympathetic and understanding of his point of view and his situation. Staples also succeeded to bring this discrimination issue to the surface, and trying to find a so lution for it, even if this solution was changing himself

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Current and Future Relevance of Development Anthropology

What does happiness mean? Ask this question to different individuals and surely you will obtain varying answers. There could be related or similar answers, but no two individuals will have the identical definition of happiness, unless of course, they had a prior discussion on the look and took time to set parameters on how they would define the shape. It is just like saying that ones definition of happiness can be as whimsical as ones fingerprint. Why is this so?As human beings, each of us has his/her own purpose in life. We may have the same basic subscribe tos to keep us alive. but each of us has his/her own desires and aspirations as we go on living These are our goals in life. Up to what extent we are able to reach our goals becomes the basis of fulfillment, which in turn is the parameter of a persons definition of happiness.There are more than ci focussings to define happiness because human beings as individual living organisms vary. Each one of us has a certain uniquene ss which sets us aside from other members of the Animal Kingdom.Similarly, ripening is a term which is as subjective as the word happiness. Probably because both terms involve the satisfaction of humans needs and wants. This is why in that location are numerous bases for the achievement of both. But unlike the meaning of happiness which is maintainn more on an individual context, a discourse on the meaning of development is much more complex because it involves not just one human being but a community, or even a whole nation.The meaning of development depends on various paradigms. Defining it quantitatively in terms of sparing growth has become short-handed which makes it even more difficult to give a concrete meaning of the word. Thus, different schools of thoughts and various disciplines have their own arguments on how to properly define the term eon trying not to overlook how the term itself is being perceived by the objects or targets of the development process.The variou s discourses on and arranges of development have pave the way for the rise and growth of development anthropology. (Escobar 1991) education anthropology is defined asThe application of anthropological perspectives to the multidisciplinary branch of development studies. It takes international development and international aid as primary objects. In this branch of anthropology, the term development refers to the social action made voluntary by different agents (institutions, business, enterprise, states, independent volunteers) who are trying to qualify the economic, technical, political or/and social life of a given place in the world, especially in developing nations. (Wikipedia)Development anthropology which takes off from the conventional or conventional view of development is what is being espoused by scholars such as Escobar. The traditional view of development is development according to how Western societies view it which is much more about modernization of topical anesthe tic cultures and the adoption of Westernized lifestyle. In the paper, Anthropology and the Development Encounter The Making and Marketing of Development Anthropology, Escobar presented and discussed this view and as conclusion, called for a revision on the practice of development anthropology, specifically in the utilization of development models which he referred to as recycled combination of the traditional growth models.Development anthropology, for all its claim to relevance to local problems, to cultural sensitivity, and to access to interpretive holistic methods, has done no more than recycle, and dress in more localized fabrics, the discourses of modernization and development. Can the uncorrupted intentions of development anthropologists be preserved and their activities be reoriented significantly in ways that undermine, rather than reinforce, these paradigms? (1991 677)It is this view that made him towards the end of the article pose the question Is there a future relevan ce for development anthropology? Escobar went on further to conclude thatAnthropological studies of development will of course continue to be important, but they would take a different form. Anthropologists could examine how communities in the Third World are progressively constituted through the political technologies of development, and could elucidate the larger cultural and economic projects that such technologies deploy with them. First, however, it will be necessary to renew our way of listening to the voices of different groups of people in the Third World, without making them into signs of a need for development, and to renew our awareness of the suffering caused by human institutions and actions, development or otherwise.Finally, anthropologists may contribute through this type of work to a collective practice of re-envisioning ways of organizing societies and economies, ways of relating to nature and to one another that have a better chance for life. In the process, we may discover other ways of sympathize with and of healing the ravages brought about by development in the Third World. Some grassroots social movements seem to be pointing the way. (ibid 678)Escobar emphasizes that it should be the people themselves who should decide on the course of the development process based on what he called local realities. The idea should come from within and not from the perception of outsiders who usually consider the miss of modernization as the take-off point for the development process.In his paper Anthropology and Development Evil Twin or Moral news report? Gow (2002) pointed out the weakness of the localization of development as being espoused by Escobar due to the current trend of globalization. He explains that . . . the present effects and future implications of globalization (however much contested), surely demonstrate in one case and for all the limitations of what is now ambiguously termed localization. Certain human needs and human rights can b e taken as universal, the basis for a honourable narration in this new millennium of development. The righteous narrative that Gow is referring to is the dilemma of anthropologists (the writers) in defining development in terms of the vision of a good clubhouse. To iterateBy framing the values of development in moral terms, rather than say economic terms (the market) or political terms (democracy), these writers not but escape from the tyranny of ideology, academic discipline, and political fashion they also elevate the general tone of development discourse, for what they are proposing is a vision of the good society. (ibid 310)I believe that the current and future relevance of development anthropology depend on whether it follows the path being suggested by Gow, that is, elevating the meaning of development in terms of the moral vision of a good society. In this age of satellite technology, when even the remotest places on Earth could have access to communication facilities a nd the mass media, the preservation of local culture is becoming a serious concern.People are influenced by modernization as they are exposed to various forms of technology, and many of them especially the younger coevals aspire to leave and prefer to settle for a much modern lifestyle in cities. More than ever, development anthropology is relevant in order to right away the correct path of development wherein the living condition of the poor is alleviated to the point wherein they will have enough basic needs and services while at the same time retaining their cultural identity and who they are as a people is never lost or forgotten.The role of development anthropology wherefore should be focused on determining the peoples vision of a good society, and from there the design of a suitable development mannikin and the conceptualization of strategies that could guide institutions in coming up with the right formula for development. This way, Escobars grassroots involvement is comp romised while being open to the trend of globalization. An practice would be to consider the willingness to commercialize the production of exotic handicrafts which are originally for sole domestic consumption. If the people look at this as a way to alleviate their economic condition while promoting their culture, then the development anthropologist should see this from a positive perspective and not as a sign of moral degradation.Development anthropologists have focused on four themes in performing their role which defines their current and future relevance to humanity.An increasingly focused sense of the anthropological component defined in terms of what anthropologists say about culture and social relationsOpposition to the marginalization of indigenous peoples and their knowledgeCynicism about the aims and practices of developmentThe emergence of critical views of development and the development processLIST OF REFERENCESEscobar, Arturo. (1991) Anthropology and the Development Encounter The Making and Marketing of Development Anthropology. American Ethnologist online 18 (4) 658-682. Available from http//www.jstor.org/stable/645446 22 May 2009Gow, David D. (2002)Anthropology and Development Evil Twin or Moral Narrative? Human Organization 61 (4) 299-313Wikipedia (n. d.) Development Anthropology. Available from http//enwikipedia.org/wiki/Development_anthropology 30 May 2009)

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Real Presence: Eucharist

The Lords Supperic Presence besides known as the communion and the outlast Supper is a signifi lowlifet part of the delivery boyian religion . The Protestants believe that the communion is merely for the remembrance and the thanksgiving of the Nazarenes sacrifice for the people. However the roman type Catholics and the Orthodox believe that the ritual is a personal union, becoming one with Jesus by partaking in the eating of the soundbox and bread. Jesus spoke My mannikin is true food, my blood is true drink,(John 655) when the disciples were gathered for the Last Supper before Jesus died on the cross.The intention of Jesuss saying was not of a metaphor but to be accepted literally which is done so by the Catholic church. The Eucharist is a sacrament of the last supper. It involves sacred elements that go through transubstantiation, a change in the pith, essence. This theological concept can be referred to as a sincere Presence, in which the bread and wine changes its subst ance into body and blood along with the soul and divinity of Jesus. The concept of Real Presence was opposed during the rehabilitation period of 1500 when there was a division indoors the church.Before the concept of transubstantiation was officially codified, the term was already assumed and accepted in the literal sense. The oppositions and the divisions in the church lead the church into forming an Ecumenical council in Trent and the Vatican Council of 1962 where Episcopal powers aimed to defend and reinforce the belief in Real Presence. The Eucharist as the Real Presence of savior can be seen through the Eucharistic dogma provided by the the Council of Trent, Vatican II.Certain excerpts from scripture can be used to display the consistency of belief in the Eucharist as the literal blood and body of Jesus Christ. John Macquarrie in Paths in Spirituality consist of concepts of laic, spatial, and personal movement can be used to support the dogma of Eucharist as Real Presence. The Eucharist involves a theological concept of transubstantiation which was a term cre consumed to explain the mystery of the liturgy practice. It is a compound word consisting of ii words that mean change and substance. Therefore the meaning of the word is a change of substance.The substance refers to the uniqueness and the very nature of anything that exists. The accident refers to the eternal qualities that argon subject to the senses. The substance of the bread and wine which is refered to as the breadness and the wineness transforms into the substance of the body and blood of Christ. However the appearance and the physical state of the bread and wine, which can be tasted, touched, smelled, all do not change. There are numerous writings by significant church figures to support the literal interpretation of the Eucharist as the Real Presence of Christ.This can be seen in the works of Ignatius of Antioch, he writes Strive then to make use of one form of thanksgiving, for the f ig of Our nobleman Jesus Christ is one and one is the Chalice in the union of His Blood, one alter, one bishop. Saint Augustine wrote It was in His grade that Christ walked among us and it is his flesh that he has given us to eat for our salvation The early fathers of the church attested the belief in transubstantiation. The concept of transubstantiation was officially codified at the Council of Trent.Even before the council of Trent, the Eastern church used a similar concept in Greek called metaousious change of substance. Variations in the interpretations regarding the liturgy of Eucharist started to form. The Protestant reformation gave a rise to Constantiation which was formed by Martin Luther. The protest with the universal faith of Christians in the Real Presence began during the Protestant Reformation when Zwingli and Calvin refuted the concept of the real physical presence of Jesus in the Eucharist using their subjective interpretation of the text. Zwingli believed the E ucharist was just a symbolic experience.Calvin refuted that it was more than a symbol, but less(prenominal) than Jesus physical presence. He prefered a spiritual presence and never explained how this differed from the omnipresence of God. On the contrary, Luther protects the concept the Real Presence. Luther wrote Who, but the devil, hath granted such a license of wrestling the words of the holy Scripture? Who ever read in the Scriptures, that my body is the same as the sign of my body? Or, that is the same as it signifies? What language in the world ever spoke so? It is only then the devil, that imposeth upon us by these fanatical men. . . Not one of the Fathers, though so numerous, ever spoke as the Sacramentarians not one of them ever said, It is only bread and wine or, the body and blood of Christ is not there present. Luther believed in Constantiation which was when the substance of the bread and wine remain the same, coexisting with the substance of Jesuss blood and body. Euc harist as Real Presence can support through biblical scriptures. The communion is for the receiving of Jesus into our bodies by eating his body and drinking his blood. In John 656 He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him. The word abide is significant in understanding transubstantiation. Jesus also uses the word abide in chapter xv when he mentions the vine and the vinedresser. The word abide in greek can also be translated as living. So Christ is living in those that have ate his flesh and drank of his blood. John Macquarrie in Paths in Spirituality supports the Eucharistic as Real Presence through three concepts of present reality. Presence has several antithetic significations that are fundamental in understanding the concept of transubstantiation. The first one is temporal presence. In the Eucharist there is a presence in time.But the engagement in this understanding is that The Last Supper happened two thousand years ago. So how would the church br idge the time in between? Macquarrie writes, The Council of Trent, incidentally, used the word repraesentatio in connection with the Eucharist in the sense that it makes present again Christs saving work. We live between the Christ of history, of the historical incarnation, and the Christ of the future, the Christ who will come again with glory. But between times Christ is not absent. Therefore in the Eucharist, Christ is fully, and physically present.Many protestants such as Bultmann, does not believe in the real, physical presence of Christ, rather a genuine presence in which Christ can only be revealed through the contrive of God. But that is limiting the very possibility in Christ being present in many other ways. Where is Jesus present? God and Jesus is both omnipresent. But if God is present everywhere then what is the significance of Jesus being present in the bread and wine? Macquarrie inquires But how can this be reconciled with the idea of a particular presence? A unive rsal presence of God is very hard to detect and recognize because he is simply everywhere.But if his presence is densed, localized and particularized into one area there will be moments of intensity and meeting or encountering of God. Even in the doddery Testament, Gods presence was localized in the Ark of the Covenant, where His presence was experienced with intensity. The church can be an another example of sacred space. Macquarrie claims, If there was no particular places where one might find Christ present, I do not think he would be present anywhere. Summation of the presences leads to the personal presence. It is a multidimensional presence where it is not limited to time and space.Christ can be revealed in the actions of his people. He is revealed in the community of the faithful, the body of Christ, sometimes called the extension of the incarnation. Protestants make the Eucharist as spiritual presence. however the spiritual presence is inferior to the personal presence. Personal presence has no limitations and boundaries in the human experience which includes spatial, temporal and even spiritual. Because the accidents of the elements do not change, there is no empirical verification, leaving the presence visible only to those that have eyes of faith.Many Christians abstain from the practice of Eucharist because they refuse to believe that the Eucharist is the real flesh of Jesus Christ. Even great Christian thinkers like Calvin believed in a limited presence of Christ in the communion. In disputing over the real presence in Eucharist through biblical justifications, divisions in the church started to form. Interpretation of certain verses has been a book of facts of division between Christians, and not only in creating separation between Catholics and Protestants.Luther and Calvin also stood in fundamental disagreement over the doctrine of the real presence in the elements, and these verses played no small part in that dispute. However this was g ood for the church because they were able to filter out the different interpretations of the Eucharist. The Eucharist as the Real Presence of Christ can be seen through the Eucharistic dogma provided by the the Council of Trent, Vatican II. John Macquarrie in Paths in Spirituality can also assist further supporting the idea of real presence through the concepts of temporal, spatial, and personal presence.CITATIONS Pope capital of Minnesota VI, Encyclical Mysterium Fidei. 1965, St. Paul Books and Media, Boston, MA. p. 354. St. Ignatius Letter to the Romans, J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, p. 405. Luthers Collected Works, Wittenburg Edition, Vol. VII, p. 391. Foster, Paul. 2006. Jesus, The Real Presence of God (John 635, 41-51). Expository Times 117, no. 10 416-417. Macquarrie, John. Paths in Spirituality. New York Harper & Row, 1972. p. 83-93 1 . Pope Paul VI, Encyclical Mysterium Fidei. 1965, St.Paul Books and Media, Boston, MA. p. 354. 2 . Luthers Collected Works, Wittenburg Edition, Vol. VII, p. 391. 3 . Macquarrie, John. Paths in Spirituality. New York Harper & Row, 1972. p 84 4 . Macquarrie, John. Paths in Spirituality. New York Harper & Row, 1972. p 83 5 . Macquarrie, John. Paths in Spirituality. New York Harper & Row, 1972. p 84 6 . Macquarrie, John. Paths in Spirituality. New York Harper & Row, 1972. p 84 7 . Foster, Paul. 2006. Jesus, The Real Presence of God (John 635, 41-51). Expository Times 117, no. 10 416-417.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Lack of Education Essay

Student life is full of charm and enjoy and e veryone who is in practical life always face to miss his/her student life. But the student life also has challenges and problems of its own. The students of developing countries like Pakistan oblige lots of problems, such as financial problems, poor conveyancing system, language barrier, incompetent teachers and many more. One of the problems faced by students is that usually they are not free to choose study programmes of their own choice. Parents normally cut upon them a field of study which may not be suitable for the child or which he doesnt feel comfortable with to study. This is a very common problem of our society.A student may want to be a journalist or a photographer but his parents may hire engineering for him. So when he furbish ups admission to the engineering college, he does not perform well. He then starts to feel that he is not fit for the field. Parents should suppose about it and stop imposing study programmes on their children. They should only inform them about the scope and problems of every field, and let them choose a study programme. Students, afterwards passing their matriculation examination, face too much confusion about the selection of their further studies. They dont know which study area is better(p) for them.Most of the students dont even know different fields of studies other than engineering and medical due to lack of study and career counselling. They get admission to these programmes and then dont get good marks. Thats when they cant get admission to medical or engineering colleges, and suit upset thinking about their career. We dont have career counsellors in Pakistan other than a few institutions which hire career counsellors to guide their students. Students should have some basic knowledge about any profession before deciding to take it as their future profession. Students should be able to consult their teachers, parents and friends in this regard, particularly the persons that are already attached with the profession they are interested in.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Cost, volume, and profit formulas Essay

The represent- tawdriness-profit analysis is a business tool which companies utilize in order to analyze the effects of changes on costs and volume in its profits. It has five major components namely, volume or level of activity, unit of measurement change monetary values, varying cost per unit, total meliorate cost, and sales mix. The volume of level of activity refers to the quantity of the make up which is sold. Unit interchange expenses is the amount that the company sells one unit of its product to the customers. In CVP analysis, costs atomic number 18 classified as a either variable or fixed.Variable cost per unit refers to the costs which can be directly attributed to the production of the product like direct labor and materials. Fixed costs on the other hand, are costs which are incurred even if the company profit or lessen its level of activity. gross revenue mix is applicable to business organizations which has two or more products. It refers to the breakdown o f sales according to product types. 3&4. Based on the formulas you have reviewed, what happens to persona margin per unit when unit selling prices increase?Illustrate your explanation with an example from a fictitious company of how an increase in unit selling prices might affect component margin. Holding everything constant, an increase in the unit prices will directly increase the portion margin per unit by the amount of price increase. For example, company A sells a burger for $2. 00 incur $1. 50 for the production. Contribution margin is hence $0. 50 ($2. 00-$1. 50). If unit price is raised from $2. 00 to $2. 50, the companys contribution margin per unit will increase by $0.50 which is equal to the amount of price increase ($2. 50-$1. 50). The contribution margin due to this price increase will be equal to $1. 00. 5. When fixed costs shine, what does this do for sales? Illustrate your explanation with an example from a fictitious company. A decrease in fixed cost will have a direct impact in the requisite sales of the company in order to reach break-even or generate a target profit. In general, a decrease in fixed cost lowers the required sales as part of the anterior fixed cost will now be counted as profit.Take for example, Starjuice which sells orangeness juice for $1. 00 per store/unit, has variable cost of $0. 70 per unit, and fixed expenses of $10,000. Starjuice wants to generate a profit of $5,000. Thus, it needs to sell ($10,000+$5,000)/($1. 00-$0. 70), 50,000 bottles of orange juice or $50,000 in total sales to reach this target. However, when fixed cost has decreased to $4,000, then the company only needs to sell ($4,000+$5,000)/($1. 00-$0. 70), 30,000 bottles or $30,000 in total sales.6&7. Define contribution ratios. What happens to contribution ratios as one of the components changes? The contribution margin ratio refers to the ratio of the contribution margin to the unit selling price. For the Starjuice example above, the contribution margin ratio is 0. 30 or 30% as the contribution margin of $0. 30 is 30% of the total selling price of $1. 00. The changes in the contribution margin are often facilitated by the changes in unit selling price and variable costs.An increase in the unit selling price which is discussed above to enhance contribution margin will subsequently bring a rise in contribution ratio. On the other hand, a decrease in selling price will also bring a decline in contribution ratio. Increase in variable cost will directly lessen contribution margin thereby lowering contribution ratio. However, a decrease in variable cost will increase contribution margin and increasing contribution ratio.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Cultural Competence in Nursing

Cultural competence is defined as possessing the skills and have sexledge necessary to appreciate, respect, and work with individuals from different cultures. It is a concept that requires self-awareness, awareness and understanding of cultural differences, and the ability to adapt to clinical skills and practices as needed (London et al. 2003). In the Orthodox Judaic community, there are many strict cultural guidelines that the women must adhere to. indoors the following paper I pull up stakes leave behind examples that demonstrate why cultural competency is weighty in nursing.When seeking treatment in the Orthodox Jewish honor,it permits men and women from being alone unitedly unless they are close family member, or married to each other. This honor applies when the women is being examined by a medico or a health care provider. For the Orthodox Jewish woman, a female provider is prefer up to(p), provided the woman go out choose the provider she feels is qualified to p rovide her with the silk hat quality of care and who has the best reputation in his/her field (Abdelhak 2005).Spousal involvement in the sales talk of a child is limited a have may misunderstand a husbands lack of shop at as being neglectful to his wife, the nurse is not being culturally sensitive to the Orthodox couple. The nurse must understand according to the Jewish laws, if a woman is unclean with mucous discharge, bloody show, or amniotic fluid, The husband must clog up the room as he is not allowed stay in the room with his wife while she is being examined, unless she is fully covered and willing not be exposed to him.To be considered clean again afterward childbirth or menstruation , the women must go to a ritual bath shoot the breezeed the Mikveh. The Orthodox Jewish women must consult with their Rabbi for approval of procedures or treatments amniocentesis or elective cesarian section sections. In such cases Orthodox Jewish couples may call their rabbi to ask for guidance on the subject or to compress a blessing from him that all will go well. This would not be done in aesculapian emergencies, such as a cesarean section for fetal distress or for inductions for medically indicated reasons (Abdelhak 2005).In the Orthodox Jewish community they believe in Be fruitful and multiply. It is Gods will how many children she will have, in this case the woman will avoid ever having a cesarean section as it burn down limit the amount of children she can have and she will not be able to effectuate Gods will. After childbirth, the nurse must be aware of the religious practices of naming a child. The woman will not fill her paperwork at the hospital, tho rather fill it after the ceremony and return its afterwards.The free of the name is thought to be a religious event and will lose significance if it is denote before either of these times (Abdelhak 2005). Orthodox Jews observe the Sabbath or Shobbas, which begins at sundown Friday evening and ends o n Saturday evening. At this time no galvanising appliance may be used or or any traveling by car. If the Orthodox Jewish woman is discharged the day of Shobbas the nurse should know that she will not be able to leave the hospital until Shobbas has ended.To accommodate to her needs the nurse should experience sure the woman has a repast before her discharge planning. in the Orthodox Jewish law it permits men and women from being alone together unless they are close family member, or married to each other. This law applies when the women is being examined by a physician or a health care provider. For the Orthodox Jewish woman, a female provider is preferable, but the woman will choose the provider she feels is qualified to provide her with the best quality of care and who has the best reputation in his/her field (Abdelhak 2005).Spousal involvement in the delivery of a child is limited. A nurse may feel that the husband is showing no matrimony support or compassion to his wife. Duri ng the delivery the nurse can encourage him to give his wife support verbally, but the nurse must understand according to the Jewish laws, if a woman is unclean with mucous discharge, bloody show, or amniotic fluid. The husband may exit the room as he is not allowed stay in the room with his wife while she is being examined, unless she is fully covered and will not be exposed to him.To be considered clean again after childbirth or menstruation , the women must go to a ritual bath called the Mikveh. The Orthodox Jewish women must consult with their Rabbi for approval of procedures or treatments amniocentesis or elective cesarean sections. In such cases Orthodox Jewish couples may call their rabbi to ask for guidance on the subject or to get a blessing from him that all will go well. This would not be done in medical emergencies, such as a cesarean section for fetal distress or for inductions for medically indicated reasons (Abdelhak 2005).In the Orthodox Jewish community they believ e in Be fruitful and multiply. It is Gods will how many children she will have, in this case the woman will avoid ever having a cesarean section as it can limit the amount of children she can have and she will not be able to fulfill Gods will. After childbirth, the nurse must be aware of the religious practices of naming a child. The woman will not fill her paperwork at the hospital, but rather fill it after the ceremony and return its afterwards.The giving of the name is thought to be a religious event and will lose significance if it is announced before either of these times (Abdelhak 2005). Orthodox Jews observe the Sabbath or Shobbas, which begins at sundown Friday evening and ends on Saturday evening. At this time no electrical appliance may be used or or any traveling by car. If the orthodox Jewish woman is discharged the day of Shobbas the nurse should know that she will not be able to leave the hospital until Shobbas has ended. To accommodate to her needs the nurse should ma ke sure the woman has a meal before her discharge planning.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Ansar Burney

Ansar Burney natural 14 August 1956 in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan is a leading Pakistani hu gentlemans gentleman rights and accomplished rights activist. He is a fine-tune of Masters and Law from Karachi University and u well(p)ned recipient of a PhD. in Philosophy. In 1980, Ansar Burney began the Ansar Burney Welf ar banishmentk, Pris angiotensin-converting enzymers countenance Society, and Bureau of Missing and Kidnapped Persons in Karachi, Pakistan.Ansar Burney is accredited as being the scratch man to let out the c one termpt of valet being rights in Pakistan nearly 30 years ago. He and his organisation (the Ansar Burney aver) ar similarly accredited for securing the sour of about 700,000 absolved prisoners from countries completely around the world. One such famous episode was that of Mr. Muhammad Akhtar, in which Akhtars mformer(a) was raped before his birth in prison. After Akhtars birth no one wanted to accept him and he spent 40 years in prison before his release.Beca function of his neat achieve ments in the field of piece and civil rights, Ansar Burney was the first man to stupefy the Pakistani National civilized Award Sitara-i-Imtiaz on 23 March 2002. And collectible to his ii decade long international reason to finale child slavery in the Middle East in the form of child camel jockeys, Ansar Burney was say an Anti-Human Trafficking Hero in the 2005 Trafficking in Persons Report by the US bow Department.On 16 November 2007, Ansar Burney was sworn in as Pakistans c artaker national Minister for Human Rights. He will be the first man to head the impudently established Human Rights ministry of Pakistan. On 27 March 2008, he was elected for a term of 3 years as one of the 18 members of the linked Nations Human Rights Council Advisory Committee and due to his recognized experience in the field of human rights and ack right awayledged competence and impartiality, Burney received wide support from all(a) regional groups o f the Council. 6 In 2008 he was listed in a poll by The Financial Daily as a favorite personality. Ansar Burney too played an instru ami fitting role in getting the crew of MV Suez clean-handed from the captivity of Somali pirates in 2011. Anti-corruption movement On Aug 22, 2011, Ansar Buney announced that following the Eid-ul-Fitr celebrations at the end of Ramadan, he would initiate an anti-corruption movement in Pakistan based on the popular movement of Anna Hazare in India. It takes grit, cargo and perseverance to be a man of integrity. To be uman and to act human, to be a person who is adapted to contribute his share for the cause of humanity and human dignity in letter and spirit, to be a kind soul who feels the pain and unbearably enough to lose control, to be equal to(p) to help oneself others without whatsoever need of worldly glory, to be a person like Ansar Burney. Everything in this universe is for others the trees, the rivers and all other beauties of seasons an d nature. The trees do non eat up their own fruit, the rivers do not drink their own irrigate and in the same way selfless people like Ansar Burney live for others.Be it the grave issue of small-scale child camel jockeys, the ordeal of Zafran Bibi who was have-to doe with in a case of rape and moveenced to death by stoning, mop up of Pakistanis in Macedonia in the cry of war against terror, human trafficking of young girls for harlotry, slavery or the illegal confinements at Guantanamo Bay Ansar Burney has always stood as an icon of human rights. internationalist Ambassador for Peace and Human Rights, Mr Ansar Burney, born(p) on August 14th in Karachi, he is son of late Syed Mukhtar Ahmed Burney, and he was the first man to introduce true human rights in Pakistan a couple up of decades ago.A graduate of Masters and Law from Karachi University and honorary recipient of a PhD in Philosophy from Sri Lanka, Mr Ansar Burney, Advocate started his noble mission in 1980 by set up the Ansar Burney combining, Prisoners Aid Society and Bureau of Missing and Kidnapped Children/Persons in Karachi, Pakistan. During his education he was a very prominent student leader, and as such, always embossed his voice for justice, human dignity and civil rights.This landed him in a lot of trouble on some(prenominal) occasions with the military presidential term of the time. In 1977, Ansar Burney, and then aged 20, was arrested on charges of delivering speeches against martial faithfulness and favour of democracy and doomd for 8 months severe imprisonment by the Martial Law Court. Upon release in 1978, the Martial Law Authorities once again arrested him and sent him to Karachi Prison for 2 more months detention. In 1979 he was again arrested for the third time and detained for a month.During these periods of detention in varied Pakistani prisons, Mr Ansar Burney witnessed the miser adapted conditions of prisons and their prisoners. He met many people who were lock ed up for years and years without ever having committed a crime forced into detention with monstrous lamentable charges. That was the time that he decided to help those in need and in 1980-81 after completing his law degree, Mr Ansar Burney, Advocate, started take forming on human rights issues such as to flummox reforms in prisons and get the release of innocent and illegally captive prisoners.He also started working against slavery and against human trafficking. The Ansar Burney pull International was set up as a non-governmental, non-political and non-profitable human and civil rights organisation. Its main objective was to struggle for the release of innocent persons who were unploughed in prisons or in mental asylums illegally or without any justification, and for justice, peace, anti-human trafficking and to create sensation against human trafficking and HIV.As a result of his continued and selfless efforts for the past so many years, Mr Ansar Burney has so far been ab le to secure release of more than 900,000 (Nine hundred thousand) innocent prisoners who were illegally imprisoned in Pakistan and abroad approximately released after as much as 50 to 55 years of illegal confinement. Some were as yet born in prisons and mental asylums where they grew up and lived as prisoners or patients for 35 to 40 long years of their lives only released and rehabilitated with their families and society because of the hectic efforts of Mr Ansar Burney and the Ansar Burney effrontery.Mr Ansar Burney also met AIDS affected prisoners and noticed homosexuality that was very rough-cut in prisons and cordial Assylums for that reason he also started creating awareness against HIV positive (AIDS). He started see prisons, Madrasas (Muslims Religious Schools) and prostitutes and started giving them education/lectures and also started working practically to create awareness and also providing them caoutchouc/ security measures against HIV. The Ansar Burney put also p roviding medical help to AIDS prisoners and HIV positive people in Pakistan.Mr Ansar Burney is also working against female person circumcision in African, some Arab and Asian countries and raising his voice to create awareness against female circumcision as its a worst kind of human rights violation against female. The Ansar Burney Trust has also pose release of around almost 20,000 (twenty thousand) persons from mental asylums and mental wards of prisons. These were not mental cases but were kept in these asylums in inhumane conditions by influential persons due to their own vested interests.Mr Burney has also been successful in vestige out around 300,000 (Three hundred thousand) children through his Bureau of Missing Persons who were safely delivered to their families. These include children who were set lax from bounded labour camps, small-scale child camel jockeys and young girls who had been change away or trafficked for harlotry. Once established, the Mr Ansar Burney Tru st also started their struggle to fight against the inhumane and degrading treatment of women in Pakistan and abroad.With a purpose to bring those who abused women to justice, Ansar Burney has fought several cases for the cause of womens rights and one of the success stories has been the closure of several women mandis (like animal markets for the sale of girls) in Pakistan. The Ansar Burney Trusts continued efforts became fruitful when Ansar Burney once again succeeded in getting the release of thousands of slaved underage children from Modern day Slavery. These children were from the ages of 3 years to 10 years old only.These underage children as Child Camel Jockeys were on slavery in the Middle east countries almost 16 to 17 hours a day and were living in private prisons. During their slavery these underage children were getting just two biscuits a day as food so that they should not gain weight. After the release of these children Mr Ansar Burney sent them back to their respec tive countries for their rehabilitation. In 2005 The State Department of the United States of America declared and awarded an award of International Human Rights Hero to Mr Ansar Burney that was presented to Mr Ansar Burney by the Secretary of State.Ansar Burney Trust also able to get released trafficked young girls from prostitution in Middle Eastern and European countries. Mr Burney has also sent/taken humanitarian aid to different parts of Pakistan as well abroad. During the drought in Pakistan, Mr Burney personally hollered several affected areas and supervised the humanitarian aid operation to the region by the ABT. Mr Ansar Burney stumbled upon the use of Hindu Haris (Bonded Labourers) as slaves in the interior Sindh uncouthwealth of Pakistan.After some hectic efforts and persistence, the Trust was successful in freeing around 7,000 Haris a 160 of who in danger of being attacked by their previous owners were taken in by the Trust and relocated to a more secure location. Cu rrently, Mr Ansar Burney and the Ansar Burney Trust establish been working round the clock to present a free to the smuggling and trafficking of children and young girls and their use as camel jockeys and prostitution in the Middle East, to date, a 1100 children some as young as 3 years to 12 years of age soak up been released from camps in the UAE alone.In 1984, the straits Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan, General Mohammad Ziaul Haque, twice offered Mr Burney the position of Federal Minister of Pakistan an offer Mr Burney refused in order to stay impartial and unaffiliated and to continue his human rights work without any political reservations or activities. Since then he has on several occasions been offered ministerial and political positions but he has refused, re-emphasising the Trusts nature as a truly independent and non-political organisation.However, he took charge as Federal Minister for Human Rights in the non-political interim set-up in 2007. On November 16, 2007, Ansar Burney was sworn in as Pakistani Federal Minister for Human Rights to head the newly established Human Rights Ministry of Pakistan, first such ministry in the history of Pakistan. He managed the Human Rights Ministry with a sense of duty and great passion. However, positive attention is not all Mr Burney has received. His work has resulted in the making of many enemies.He has been attacked several times and continually receives death threats. His name is on the Terrorist Hit List which was leaked into newspapers from Pakistani Intelligence Agencies. Ansar Burney Trust offices have been attacked and employees killed. Members of the Burney family have also been attacked and soberly injured. Ambulances of the Trust have been fired upon, burnt and stoned by persons against whom Mr Burney has fought human rights cases. The attacks continue to this day.In relation to his human and civil rights work, Mr Ansar Burney, has attended hundreds of National and International confere nces, groups and forums. In recognition of his great human and civil rights work, he has received well over 200 awards and medals from home as well as from abroad. On twenty-third March 2002, he was conferred with Pakistans National Civil Award Sitar-i-Imtiaz, the first national award in the history of Pakistan in the field of human rights. Mr Ansar Burney was declared an Anti-Human Trafficking Hero in 2005 by the United States, State Department.Ansar Burney, in March 2008, elected as Expert Adviser on Human Rights in the United Nations Human Rights Council Advisory Committee at Geneva, one out of 18 elected from throughout the world. Whenever a natural calamity such as earthquake or flood hits Pakistan, Ansar Burney Trust is there to contribute a helping hand. Mr Ansar Burney and his wife Shaheen Burney take pride in helping others. They derive pleasure by sharing smiles and restoring honour and dignity to downtrodden people. Mr Ansar Burney, Advocate got married with Shaheen on May 28, 1981 and they have three children Fahad Burney, Raheel Burney and female child Sana Burney.Trust Established in 1980 by Ansar Burney, Advocate in the Pakistani port city of Karachi the Ansar Burney Trust was the first organization to introduce true human rights in Pakistan. With a mission to work as a non-political, non-governmental and non-profitable organization, we started our fight against all forms of injustices, merciless inhuman and degrading treatment, child abuse, cruelty to women and other more sagacious forms of human and civil rights violations without any discrimination or standoff. The Ansar Burney Trust headed by Mr.Ansar Burney is a network of human rights organisations working for the deliverance of justice, fail treatment of human beings and for the rights and freedoms of civil liberties. Our work is to raise awareness, provide free legal advice and expediencys and humanitarian assistance where needed. Our mission began with the establishment of the P risoners Aid Society in 1980. Since then we have been involved in bringing reforms in Police Stations, Prisons and mental Institutions and work for the aid, advice, release, rehabilitation and eudaemonia of the illegally and unlawfully detained prisoners and mental patients.We also work for the rehabilitation and eudaemonia of the families of these ill human beings rigorously on humanitarian grounds in the greater interest of justice and humanity without any affiliation or consideration for any political party, group or activities. Since its inception in 1980, the Ansar Burney Trust has shown a marked and steady progress in achieving the vowed objectives and has started a number of centers for various projects in Pakistan and abroad.The Trust also publishes newsletters and human rights reports with the purpose of spreading awareness of issues and to try and get more and more people involved. Campaigns Prisoners released The Ansar Burney Trust has been working for the cause of just ice for the past 25 years and in this time has been successful in getting the release of around 700,000 confined persons from various sites around the world. These have included persons locked up for up to 37 years on fake charges or those confined in mental institutions to rot their perfect lives away even though they are perfectly sane.Our work started in 1980 with this cause of persons confined in prison and mental institutions in Pakistan a country which since independence in 1947 has yet to have a legal system where justice is delivered to the common man. The courts and police are used as a creature by the influential individuals to remove and put away opponents Torture in custody is extremely common and innocent persons are forced to admit to crimes they never committed. Persons arrested on suspicion of crimes are forgotten in police lock-ups or sent to prison without charge or court hearings for entire lifetimes.Innocent people are arrested and locked away by the police in order to fulfill their orders of connecting a crime to an individual in some cases without their families even being informed of their arrest or imprisonment. No legal advice or service is ever provided. Prisons are filthy and hugely over populated. Prisoners are beaten and tortured regularly. There are never enough courts, resulting in waiting times for a hearing taking upwards of several years. Justice in Pakistan is a privilege for the rich.The situation is even more horrific in Mental Institutions where just as in prisons many sane innocent persons are confined and declared unbalanced to keep them quite or lock them away due to enmity with powerful individuals. Mental Patients have never been thought of as human beings by either the government or the people in charge of the institutions. They were often beaten and made to sleep on the ground under the open deliver without any clothes or blankets. They were tied to trees or posts so they are unable to run away. They were ha rdly fed, sometimes being forced to feed and live in their own feces.Women patients were raped on a regular bases, many times giving birth inside the institution to children who were then also raised their growing up to be mentally instable themselves. Other times mental patients were tied to poles, trees or posts near religious shrines in the hope they would heal themselves. If they had no where to go, they were stoned to death by mobs unable to get wind their condition. There has never been any justice for these people from the courts, which have always worked under the influence and compress of the governments and the police.Human Rights were totally unheard of, until 1980, when Ansar Burney plungeed the Ansar Burney Trust. Having been locked away in prison himself, Ansar Burney witnessed the miserable conditions in which prisoners were living and set most immediately to help them. He began by visiting the many prisons and mental institutions in Pakistan to find persons conf ined on fake charges, locked away without charge or persons who had been framed. He also began to raise his voice for reforms in Prisons and Mental Institutions. In the past 25 years, the Ansar Burney Trust has made great achievements for this cause.Through surprise inspections and representatives in prisons and mental institutions, ABT monitors that no prisoner or patient is abused. We have successfully lobbied for better living conditions and food, separate prisons for men and women, education and training for prisoners, put a stop of tying of mental patients and children in chains and have successfully managed to remove place of birth as prison for children born in prisons. Entertainment and a better atmosphere is created at various sites around the country when ABT arranges parties and entertainment for prisoners and patients.Due to our lobbying and donations, better medical equipment and module are now working in prisons and institutions go better medical service to prisoner s and especially patients. Mental patients locked in prison due of lack of space in hospital were sent back for better care. Women prisoners and patients who would before have given birth in confinement with only from each one other to help are now under the supervision of women nurses after Ansar Burney presented this matter to the Prime Minister of Pakistan.Staff of the Ansar Burney Trust visited and met female prisoners and patients to investigate charges of sexual abuse drastically leading to a reduction of rapes in prisons. We successfully lobbied to ban female prisoners being dealt with by male staff. Non Muslim prisoners unable to perform their religious duties are now provided what they need in order to perform their religious commitments. In the month of Ramadan, non-Muslim prisoners are now consistent food for by ABT so they were not forced to fast.The Ansar Burney Trust has appointed 84 people in various jails and mental asylums to take care of mental patients and pri soners. One of our achievements over the years has been the collection of selective information we have gathered on Pakistani prisoners confined in different Jails around the world due to various misunderstandings. The Trust provides legal advice and services to many such persons and arranges for their repatriation when released. Similarly the Trust has also been able to get release of a number of foreign nationals from Pakistani Jails and sent them to their respective home countries on Trusts expenses.Since we began our mission in 1980, the Ansar Burney Trust has been involved in bringing reforms in Police Stations, Prisons and Mental Institutions and work for the aid, advice, release, rehabilitation and welfare of the illegally and unlawfully detained prisoners and mental patients. We have also worked for the rehabilitation and welfare of the families of these unfortunate human beings purely on humanitarian grounds in the greater interest of justice and humanity without any affili ation or consideration for any political party, group or activities. For hose with no where left to go or those not yet ready, the Trust has established a center where they receive accommodation, food, medical attention and freedom. Children Rights When a people lack commitment, drive and zeal to better the condition of our swain human beings, the over riding emotion is that of apathy particularly towards the under privileged. But our ever-enterprising statesmen have found a way down the line they express profound grief and deep sorrow on board heartfelt platitudes for the grieved family. No matter what the tragedy the attitude is that of indifference even if the subjects are innocent children.Looking at the statistics, Pakistan has one of the largest populations of the young in the world with nearly 45 percent of its one hundred and 50 million people being under the age of 15. But it has no policy for children. Hundreds of thousands of infants under quartette years of age die eac h year mostly from readily preventative diseases. Amongst the fortunate fewer who are spared the tragedy, many waste their lives in the throes of extreme poverty. Still worse, an increasing number of children get upset or are abducted and then there are those whose ntire future is blighted because they are imprisoned, or born in jails and mental asylums and have to spend a considerable time of their lives there. Many a times, this is not due to any fault of their own but because their mothers are patients, are serving a sentence or awaiting trial. Thousands are lost or kidnapped each year, with many finding themselves bought, abused and used in bonded labor camps all over the country. Hundreds are trafficked to foreign destinations for the purposes of drugs smuggling and to be used as camel jockeys.Many more are forced into beggary, trained and used in criminal activities and some are even killed for their physical structure organs fetch a high price in Pakistan and abroad. Hund reds of young girls are also abducted, bought and sold all over Pakistan. They are locked away in private prisons, forced into prostitution and trafficked abroad for use in drugs smuggling and for the thriving sex trade (particularly in the Middle East). The Ansar Burney Trust has been working for the protection of these children for over 25 years under our Bureau of Missing and Kidnapped Children.In this time, we have managed to locate and rehabilitate around 100,000 children. These included children who were set free from labor camps, those released from prisons, children who had been lost, child camel jockeys and young girls who had been sold away for prostitution. We have brought reforms in prisons, prosecuted those who abused children and recently the Ansar Burney Trust has also successfully been able to convince the governments of the UAE and Qatar to ban the use of children as camel jockeys. Human trafficking Human Trafficking is a horrendous crime that has destroyed the liv es of millions of people around the world.It has involved the abduction, cruel and inhumane treatment, humiliation, serious injury and even death of innocent men, women and children. It is a big business in many parts of the world, especially South Asia, from where thousands of people are either smuggled or trafficked each year for purposes of drugs smuggling, to be used for slave labor and young girls and women forced into prostitution. Many are lured with the false promises of a better life, a better future never expecting what they will actually be put through.Those unwilling are abducted, young children bought from their parents and young girls bought and sold in markets. The Ansar Burney Trust began its struggle for the release and welfare of many such victims 16 years ago starting with the plight of women and children used for the purpose of drugs smuggling. medicate Smuggling Every year, hundreds of women and children are forcibly used for the purpose of drugs smuggling to various destinations around the world. In many of the instances, they are forced to carry the drugs in capsules inside of their bodies.Abducted or bought from open markets, these women and children are threatened, beaten, greedy and even warned with the death of family members if they hesitate in any way. In some instances, young children of the women involved are kept behind with the smugglers to insure full cooperation. The women, along with the kids, are then given new indistinguishability cards where they are shown as a family and given bags full of drugs to be transported to various sites across the country. At other times, the women are paired with men and shown in new passports as a married couple and the children are shown as their kids.They are then forced to swallow and place capsules full of drugs inside their bodies for acid to foreign countries where even after full cooperation and delivery of drugs, they are likely to be sold for prostitution and slave labor. Or if caught, they then face prison and even the death sentence. On several occasions, the Ansar Burney Trust has fought for the welfare of such persons some of whom were released from Middle Eastern countries where they had been sentenced to death for crimes they were forced to commit.One such case involved children as young as five years old, who were arrested along with some women carrying capsules filled with drugs inside their bodies all were sentenced to death finally released after an investigation by the Ansar Burney Trust and appeals to the Saudi leadership. In this regard, members and volunteers of the Ansar Burney Trust visit various prisons and review case details of many South Asian prisoners in Middle Eastern Countries.In Pakistan, we work to locate and prosecute the men responsible Humanitarian aid and relief activities Relief practise Earth Quake in N. Pakistan During the recent earth quake disaster in Northern Pakistan, the Ansar Burney Trust provided aid worth over $1 million (USD) to the effected people, in the form of fiery tents, warm clothes and blankets, food rations and clean drinking water, tools used for digging, medicines, crockery, gas and oil cookers, cash and products for womens personal hygiene.The Trust is currently working on the construction of homes, mosques and schools for villagers on high mountains Free legal advice The Ansar Burney Trust since 1980 has been offering free legal advice and services to all those who need it. We have a team of lawyers, including women, who are lendable 7 days a week to help those in need. It is through our legal team, that the Trust has been able to secure the release of hundreds of thousands of people around the world and to fight for justice for men, women and children