Shoes manufacturer Skills Footwear in Sri Lanka Dissertation

Shoes manufacturer Skills Footwear in Sri Lanka - Dissertation physical exerciseg the employees 12 2.2.3.4 Ensure employee satisfaction 12 2.2.3.5 Consult stakeholders 13 2.3 needal theories 13 2.3.1 Maslows need Hierarchy 14 2.3.1.1Safety necessarily 15 2.3.1.2 Social needs 15 2.3.1.3 Esteem needs 15 2.3.1.4 Self-actualization 16 2.3.2 Adams Equity Theory 16 2.3.3 Vrooms mindset Theory 17 2.3.4 Two Factor Theories-McGregor 17 2.3.5 Balanced scorecard 18 2.3.5.1 Meeting the ask and take level 19 2.4 Types of Motivation 21 2.4.1 Intrinsic motivation 21 2.4.2 Extrinsic Motivation 21 2.5. Incentives 22 2.5.1 Financial Incentives 23 2.5.2 Non- monetary incentives 23 2.6 The Ansoff Matrix 24 2.6.1 New product development 25 Chapter 3 Methodology 26 3.1 Introduction 26 3.2 Role of the researcher 26 3.3 look for design 28 3.4 Sampling 29 3.5 Conducting the research 29 3.6 The questionnaire method 30 3.7 The questionnaire design 31 3.8 Data types 32 3.9 Data collection procedure 33 3 .10 Trustworthiness of the methodology 33 3.10.1 reliableness 33 3.10.2 Validity 34 3.10.3 Ethical validity 34 3.10.4 Generalized validity 34 Chapter 4 Data Analysis and discussion 35 4.1 Introduction 35 4.2 Descriptive statistics 35 4.3 Employees Relationship focussing and employees satisfaction (ES)38 4.4 internal business environment (IBE) and employees satisfaction (ES)43 4.5 Extrinsic motivators factors (Ext_Fac)and employees satisfaction (ES)47 4.6 Discussion 50 Chapter 5 5.1 Introduction 51 5.1.2 Conclusion 51 5.2 Recommendations 59 5.2.1 Introduction 59 5.2.2 Motivation to the employees 59 5.2.3 financial motivation 60 5.2.3.1 financial incentives 60 5.2.3.2 Creativity and new product development 60 5.2.3.3 highest production level reward 60 5.2.3.4 Incentives for non-absenteeism 61 5.2.4 Non-financial motivators 61 5.2.4. 1 Organizational... The intention of this study is Skills Footwear & Co. that was found in 1980 and has the core business of manufacturing mens footwear products for the local market. The firm was very triple-crown primarily due to its competitive edge of the exemplary quality, competitively priced products and sustainable volumes of the products produced. Moreover, according to Lloyd the firms competitive advantage was its skilled labor and workmanship as the products were fully handmade. The organization had a numerate of 110 employees who reported to their middle level managers who reported to the entrepreneur thus having a comparatively two-dimensional organizational hierarchy. The operational level workers were on daily wages, which were the industry average rates. The management however stock monthly wages. The Sri Lankan shoe industry has a total of 30 medium scaled and 3000 small-scaled manufacturers. The industry produces a wide range of shoes from canvas, sports and leather shoes and is also exporting finished products to EU and USA. As per a research done by the Development of Board Sri Lanka, the shoe industry witnes sed a parentage from 2007 onwards but the 2010 witnessed a surge in the export market due to the growth in the local tourist sector. However, the workforce in the industry is an issue. This is because the firm is making shoes completely by hand. But this is a difficult task and most firms have not incorporated technology into the subroutine of production, which is not very lucrative for the workmen.

America became a culturally distinct place from England during the Essay

America became a culturally distinct place from England during the ordinal and eighteenth centuries. Using knowledge about decorative arts, architecture, - Essay ExampleOne of the cultural differences that emerged between England and America was in speech. Americans no longer carry even a hint of a British accent. The Americans created a modern uncomparable form of side. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. First and foremost Americans wanted to show their lack of class. Classes such(prenominal) as nobility, middle, and lower classes had their own accents in England. America wanted everyone to be equal. Thus by disquisition slurred English, Americans showed their solidarity with one an otherwise (Larkin, 1989 154). The melting pot of cultures that came to America also contrisolelyed to the unique English. Germans, Italians, Irish, African, and many other cultures collided with their accents making the American accent. Americans did not want to create an English Colony, t hey wanted to create a new country with a new language.American English is also written differently than British English. For example, Americans save up center, whereas the British write centre. The British do not write words ending in er, but use re. The lack of reading material in the beginning of the Colonies might have contributed to the misspelling of words, which in turn created this whole new distinctive English (Larkin, 1989 36). Words for common things also became different. In England, a queue is a line in America. This could be created to the illiterate, which spelled the words wrong, with a new generation adopting them, or a deliberate attempt to leave their English roots behind. The Americans created a new version of English that is still around today.Art in America reflected the culture that the artist came from. Pictures of farmers, landscapes, and hardships started appearing in the seventeenth and eighteenth century (Larkin, 1989 176). These paintings were exclusive ly American, since they depicted American life. American Gothic, Old Virginia Home, and The Declaration of

Annotated resources Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Resources - Annotated Bibliography ExampleAll the actions that ar described in the gospel reflect to actions in the environment. There is the care of track of the prophecy of access of the messiah in the gospel. The gospel does not extend after resurrection of christ but ends after in that location is discovery that the tomb was empty.In the gospel, it is brought out the baptism of deliverer by John the Baptist to be an event that aimed principally in preparing the way. Isaiah writes that there would be a messenger that was to be sent who was to prepare the way. John the Baptist goes in the wilderness preaching about preparing the way for the son of God and preaching about baptism as a way of repentance and forgiveness of sins. He baptized deal in river Jordan where the Messiah also is baptized. As Jesus came out of water after baptism, the haven was open and a dove descended with a phonate from heaven which said that he was the son of God with whom he is pleased.After baptis m, john was put in prison but Jesus went to Galilee to proclaim the good news of the Lord telling people to repent and believe in the good news. Jesus spreads the gospel and calls His first disciples Simon and his brother Andrew when they were fishing. The gospel journey of Messiah continues in the gospel of Mark with varied healings and casting out of demons. The healings are done to anyone including one with leprosy who came beggary on his knees for the will to be healed.The gospel was important in understanding the context in which Jesus lived. It is seen that in the gospel, geography of Palestine was not changed as it still contained both fertile and desert lands. The people at the time engaged mainly in farming and manual working through keeping of sheep and engaging in services such as carpentry and pottery. The area was occupied by many another(prenominal) races that spoke different languages and had different cultures. In the gospel, Jesus was born a Jew and remained to be identified with the ethnic music and culture.Gospel

Company Director's Duty of Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Company Directors Duty of palm - Essay Example-Should maintain sufficient knowledge of business3) Reliance on Others-A director is non liable for the acts of co-directors or Company officers solely by virtue of his position.-A director is entitled to rely on a subordinate put in a position of charge for the express purpose of attend to the detail of management-Directors cannot absolve themselves entirely of their responsibility by delegation to others.In fixing the directors craft of do by and skill in the process of supervising the activities of management, UK law has sought to avoid the pitfalls of a stringently objective and a purely subjective test, preferring to combine them.In the statement, the volume pitfalls refer to various limitations of valet de chambre behavior that in effect lead to mistakes. In the case of top level executives handling corporations and groups of people, these mistakes would equivalent to management errors and negligence, either in judgment or i n the performance of ones duties and responsibilities.So as to trucking rig and address human factors in workplace settings, peoples capabilities and limitations must first be understood. The modern functional milieu is very different to the settings that humans have evolved to deal with. As it is inevitable that errors will be committed, whether consciously or unconsciously, the focus of error management is placed on reducing the chance of these errors occurring and on minimising the touch of any errors that do occur (Chase & Simon, 1973 Tulving, 1979).Duty of care in English law In tort, in that respect can be no liability in negligence unless the claimant establishes both that he or she was owed a tariff of care by the defendant, and that there has been a breach of that duty (Buckley, 2005 Booth & Squires, 2006).The recurrent... In the statement, the word pitfalls refer to various limitations of human behavior that in effect leads to mistakes. In the case of top-level exec utives handling corporations and groups of people, these mistakes would equal to management errors and negligence, either in judgment or in the performance of ones duties and responsibilities.So as to tackle and address human factors in workplace settings, peoples capabilities and limitations must first be understood. The modern working environment is very different to the settings that humans have evolved to deal with. As it is inevitable that errors will be committed, whether consciously or unconsciously, the focus of error management is placed on reducing the chance of these errors occurring and on minimising the impact of any errors that do occur (Chase & Simon, 1973 Tulving, 1979).The duty of care in English law In tort, there can be no liability in negligence unless the claimant establishes both that he or she was owed a duty of care by the defendant, and that there has been a breach of that duty (Buckley, 2005 Booth & Squires, 2006).The recurrent dilemma for the court in eve ry situation has been to ascertain and decide whether a duty of care was owed and, if so, what its scope would be. The first judicial approach is to identify specific and distinctive situations in which a duty would exist. In Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562, Lord Atkin produced what came to be recognized as a ground-breaking statement of principle.

Is global warming caused by humans Research Paper

Is global heating caused by humans - Re search Paper ExampleToday, it is non only the growth of temperature of the atmosphere but also ocean warming, ice caps and ice sheets melting, rise of sea level, and changes of biochemical cycles that take place because of climate change. That is why understanding of the causes of global warming is so important. there argon two points of view on the character of global warming causes. Some of questioners claim it is instinctive causes that lead to climate change. However, the recent studies show that it is human-induced causes that ar the main drivers of global warming. In the followers research based on recent researches and statistical data, information on three main anthropogenic causes lead be summarized, discussed and set against the natural factors with the aim to prove that it is humans who cause global warming of the atmosphere. The following research is important for it presents concise evidence of human involvement in global w arming.These days, many scientists, researchers, environmentalists and, in fact, everybody who does care, express their concerns on the issue of the changes of climate on the Earth. More specifically, they argue that today the temperature of the planet tends to increase causing the global warming, which, in its turn, can lead to irreversible negative consequences for all the living beings which cook up the planet. While the fact that global warming does take place has been proved in a ample number of studies, its causes are still studied. Scientists, who work on the issue of climate change, agree that there are two causes of global warming, such as natural causes and human-induced ones. The latest researches show that the idea that natural causes are among the major ones that lead to climate change is irrelevant and that it is humans who are to blame for the irreversible warming of the Earths surface.Climate change is usually referred to as the change of weather patterns and trend s over time. Overall, the atmosphere consists of

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Education - Essay ExampleAs such, the sh beholders within the university schema can bolster the extent to which they can engage with prospective students by applying management concepts to the way in which a defined and effective strategy can be engaged. For instance, when a strategy is put unitedly by a group of shareholders who are non in constant communication with one another(prenominal) and are aware of the ultimate goal that is to be effected, a vitrine of non specific result that does not maximize potential is almost guaranteed. However, when shareholders are brought together and the goals are clearly defined and elaborated, a type of group collaboration between all of the elements seeking to increase student attraction within the university is greatly enhanced. For this reason, understanding management concepts and the means by which collective work can be accomplished under the guiding rubric of effective management can expressly enhance the rate and effectiveness of r eveal business level decisions. How do you think planning in todays organizations compares to planning 25 years ago? Do you think planning effect s to a greater extent important or less important in a world where everything is changing fast and crises are a fixture part of organization life ? Why? With regards to 25 years ago, planning has become much more integrated into the business process. For instance, 25 years ago, the rate of change that a given organization or business magnate experience was somewhat limited. Due to this fact, the need to expert planning was necessarily trim down as a result of the relatively slower pace that external change was exhibited within the in operation(p) environment. With regards to the importance of planning now as compared to previously, it is the strong belief of this author that the need for planning has become even stronger in a world where sudden and unexpected change can rapidly delimit the operational environment. The main reason for this is due to the fact that only through planning can the incorruptible or entity hope to gain a competitive advantage and seek to anticipate some of the changes that might be upcoming in the very near future. Though one might be tempted to remember that since change is so rapid and unexpected within the current model that planning is non necessitated, the fact of the head is that the rapid level of change implores the entity or organization to take an even more aggressive draw close to planning than an environment in which change occurs slowly and gradually. For this reason, integrating an appropriate level of planning at severally and every level of an organization is a primary function that can help to realise whether or not the entity will be able to survive the changes that it must integrate with. Chapter 8 prove three decisions you made over the past six months. Which of these were programmed and which were nonprogrammer? Which model- the classical, administrative, or political- best describes the approach you took to make each decision? The three decisions that have been chosen for analysis within the context of this particular question are as follows locating and renting an apartment, deciding upon what course selection would maximize efficiency, and considering picking up a minor field of study while in university. As such, all of these decisions which will be analyse represent non-programmed choices

Describing three examples of activities in health care organizations Assignment

Describing three grammatical cases of activities in health business concern organizations - Assignment ExampleThe immunization activities entail giving children BCG, DPT, polio, and measles immunization (Stahl, 2004). There is overly epidemic preparedness and response to epidemics which is polar to the health care organization employees because they have to start isolation of the people with the epidemic.When there is an epidemic clap for example the Ebola outbreak, people-centered management should be applied to give employees mishaps to suggest on the way forward on whether to isolate the infected people or whether to let them live with the opposite people. When giving an employee a chance to give a solution, it opens up their minds and makes them think.Supervisors and managers should award employees that show bravery during a difficult time of responding to an outbreak, for example an employee who saves a patients life. The reward will be a motivation to the individual and to the other employees who will work hard and be fully dedicated to their work. Fully participation of the employees can also earn their organization world awards.Communication between the supervisors and the employees is important for the growth of a health care organization. Where there is communication, people understand each others needs. When an employees opinion is taken into consideration, much(prenominal) an employee is motivated to keep on being committed to their work because they feel appreciated and respected. Moreover, meetings help employees to overtake their complains and the supervisors and managers compliment and critic on the employees work (Carroll, 2001).The managers and supervisors encourage the employees on teamwork. In epidemic preparedness, the employees in divergent departments should be able to know where their teammates are, to make the daily routine surveillance for the epidemic easier. Furthermore, this aids the teammates to exclude losing a colleagu e to the outbreak without the knowledge of

Extra Hours of Work and Payment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

superfluous Hours of Work and Payment - Essay ExampleThe payment for extra hours at the organization depends on heterogeneous factors. The first factor is the type of employment. In this case, non-exempt salary employees receive overtime payment based on the labor polices in the country. The employees argon entitled to payment for hours beyond the legal 40 hours per week. On the early(a) hand, the exempt salary employees receive extra hour payment based on their agreement with the gracious resource department. The management should set specific regulations regarding the remuneration of this category of employees in order to avoid conflicts with the law (Bragg, 2011). Another factor that instructs the salary is the type of job given by the company. Trainees at the organization are entitled to payment for the legal working hours. Moreover, they receive allowances depending on the type of assignments provided by the company. Braswell illustrates, The salaried employees at the com pany receive extra hour payments based on the guidelines of their employment contract. However, individuals whose annual salary is to a higher place $24, 000 do not receive overtime payment at the organization (Braswell, 2014). The extra hours worked by the employees at the bank depends on the amount of work. In this case, individuals can work between 10 to 12 extra hours in a week depending on the amount of assignments they receive from the management. Most individuals find it difficult to determine the exact duration over which they can work per week because of the dynamics of the job.

The Punic Wars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The treacherous Wars - Research Paper ExampleHowever, the two strong rivals in power occupied in war, specifically in the punic Wars, which was a series of three wars where Carthage was defeated by capital of Italy three times. Carthage was defeated not only because of poor strategy but also because of corruption in its government. On the other hand, capital of Italy won because of its military and political brilliance and sense of unity among its muckle and military groups. The First Punic War The first Punic War was fought by capital of Italy and Carthage amid 264 and 241 BC. It is interesting to note that by 275 BC, capital of Italy had already conquered all of Italy and its goal was to prevent the neighboring countries from acquire -------------- 1William C. Morey, The First Punic War, Forum Romanum, 2013. 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4Ibid. hold of any Roman territory especially Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The first Punic War broke out in Messina, Sicily when the Mamertines, or the Rom an mercenary soldiers who were employed by the Syracusan despot Agathocles, and who were in control of Messana or Messina, were attacked by the Syracusan forces under Hiero II, the Greek Sicilian king. Upon the attach of the forces of Hiero II, the Mamertines called in Rome for help while Hiero II appealed to Carthage and joined the forces of Hanno the Punic, who just landed in Sicily5. Since Rome and Carthage both had interests in Sicily, the war began and continued for the next 24 years. The final victory of Rome was in the sea on March 10, 241 BC, specifically in the naval battle off the western coast of Sicily. During this time, Rome gained success of the sea. As a consequence of defeat, Carthage gave up Sicily and the other islands to the Roman Empire. The Second Punic War amidst the years 241 and 218 BC, before the second Punic Wars broke out in 218 BC, the treacherouss experienced what is known as aggressive and unjustified6 actions against Rome, as stated by the Greek hi storian Polybius. The treaty that Rome signed with Carthage after the defeat of the latter was actually breached by Rome as the Romans occupied Sardinia. Rome threatened ----------- 5The Punic Wars, Latin Library, 2013. 6Ibid. Carthage with war and even ceded Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay an indemnity. The skirmishes between Rome and the Punic forces in Italy weakened the latter, and the latter had no desire of responding to Rome with war7. As a response to this, the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca occupied Spain in 237 with an army for the purpose of opening new markets as well as for creating a new Carthaginian base for its operations. Hamilcar Barca militarized Spain and this militarization was continued by Hasdrubal and Hannibal and Barcas son-in-law Hasdrubal. When Hannibal conquered Sagunto, Spain, which was a Roman stronghold, Rome declared another war against Carthage8. Hannibal was placed as the head of the army in 221. In 219, Hannibal seized Sagunto or Saguntum. During this time, the Romans in Rome issued an ultimatum demanding the Carthaginian council to surrender Hannibal, but Rome was not obeyed and the council support Hannibal and accepted the offer of war9. The second Punic War broke out in 218 BC and it is considered as one of the greatest military conflicts of the ancient world10. The series of strategies of the Carthaginian general Hannibal until he was defeated are worth mentioning. The first victory of Hannibal was near

Ripe Figs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ripe Figs - Research Paper Ex massiveAlthough she had to wait only for a few months, she would go into the garden to see how ripe the figs were, to fare how much time was left for her to go down the Bayou-Lafourche. The narrator called her as restless as a humming-bird, dancing out to the fig trees to know the condition of the figs. When she would see them growing, this would made her sing and dance the whole long day. This showed that Babette felt as if she would speed up the natural process of ripening of the figs, by checking out e actuallyday how they were. And every(prenominal) day, she would observe back disconsolate, which means that she would feel frustrated enough when she would see that the figs were ripening very slowly. When Maman Nainaine told her that the fips were ripening fast, she said, I think they have ripened very late (400). Her impatience had made her feel that she had waited very long for the figs to get ripened. So, we see that Babette had the weak point o f impatience, which made her feel as if time was travel slowly for her.In contrast, Maman Nainaine had a very patient personality. She was practical enough to know that figs take ample time to get ripened. She had told her god-child to wait to go to her cousins, till the figs get ripened. She was in no hurry, which depicted her steady down personality. She wanted to make things go according to her wishes. She patiently waited for the ripening of the figs, when Babette would go down to the fig trees every day. In contrast to Babettes personality, the narrator has called her as patient as the statue of la Madone. This comparison gave a saintly touch to her personality. For her, time had move very fast, like when she said, how early the figs have ripened this course This was because she was waiting for nature to complete its natural course of action.Hence, we see that

Information security legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Information warrantor legislation - Essay ExampleNever the less, times have changed and the recent past has seen a ring of regulations and legislation which impacts information credentials. Some of these legislations are the European Data Protection Directive, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the Capital Adequacy Directive, retributory to mention but a few. In the event of these new compliance rules organization are universe forced to resort a range of codes and standards to control their information systems. (Purtell, 2007)Information security is an organization problem, and not a technologic ally one. With increasing spotlight on information security in legislation and the media all over the world, companies are being face up with a complex need to set to privacy and security regulations and standards. This is making information security issues to be discussed in the boardrooms and many executives and directors becoming aware of their responsibility in ensuring information security i n an organization. Information security is driven byThe knowledge of issues and challenges being faced in information security currently has increased. Through, the government, the media, crimes, cyber attacks and proliferation of crossways that are vulnerable, information security has continued to receive much attention (Purtell, 2007)Through successful attacks for example code red and Nimrod, companies are realizing that security technology product is not the overall solution to information security. Information security is an organization problem and technology is sole(prenominal) but a small element in the organization. (Purtell, 2007)Companies are facing complex needs and requirements to conform to numerous regulation/standards. Even those vertical organizations such as financial services organizations, complication to stay to security measures brought about by different regulations, for example the US Gramm-Leach Biley Act, 1999 (GLBA),

Qualititve research preposol Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qualititve preposol - Research Proposal ExampleThus it is imperative for the managers of the organizations to return detailed understanding of the changes pickings place in the organization and adequate knowledge of change counsel for accommodating their organization in this rapidly changing business environment. Paton and McCalman (2008) emphasizes on the fact that for adaptation to whatsoever change in an organization, it is necessary to hurl a well management of the organizational change process. This includes designing, planning, implementing, sustaining and assessing the changes taking place within the organization (Lientz & Rea, 2004). Winch and McDonald (1999) emphasized on the fact that change management is middling different when it comes to SMEs. One of the major rationales behind such statements by Winch and McDonald (1999) was that SMEs often lack the essential managerial skills and also have limited experience of managing change (Tilley and Tonge, 2003). Moreover, SMEs are less formal and as a result of that they have less structural resistance are obvious to be more(prenominal) agile. Nevertheless, it is important for the SMEs to make use of these changes as the means of gaining edge over the competitors. Yet, at times cod to inadequate technological know-how and managerial skills, they fail to plan and execute the change.The subject of change management in SMEs is not new as a number of studies about the change management in SMEs have been carried out previously. Majority of the studies have tried to underline the hurdles faced by the SMEs in the murder process of change management. For example, the studies carried out by Macri, Tagliaventi and Bertolotti (2002) are such studies that explain the challenges of SMEs in driving and managing change. by from highlighting the challenges, these studies have also offered recommendations regarding how these challenges will be tackled. Studies have been also conducted that focused on the assume methods and approaches of change management in SMEs

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Essay Examplewho are acquainted(predicate) with Douglass narrative and as a writer, for Harriet, who would have read the same, the shaping and meaning of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl would be specially filtered by their knowledge of the Douglass narrative. The incidents, motifs, themes, and symbols would possibly allude to or be influenced by Douglass narrative. This is intertexuality and it offers a rich meaning to the discursive features of the text either to heighten the contrast or to emphasize the similarities.Harriet Jacobs reference to the lie of the Christianity in the South as she witnessed alludes to the irony with respect to Christianity and slavery Douglass Narrative. Harriet exclaims O, the hypocrisy of slaveholders when she talks aboutMrs.Flint as a hypocrite as she turns brutal and insensitive to her slaves when she is suspicious of a sexual relationship between Linda and Dr. Flint and in turn is vicious towards Linda. She shows how the slave system changes the righteous character of southern women. She tells of a minister who, shortly after Nat Turners rebellion, preaches to slaves about their Christian ethical obligation to be obedient, hardworking, servants to their masters. Harriet remarks, There is a great difference between Christianity and religion at the south. (p. 82) She describes how slaves are taught to obey their slaves as part of their Christian morals, and this alludes to Douglass reference to the hypocritical Christianity of the Slave owners when they strongly imagine that they have god-given right to hold and sell and ill-treat slaves.In addition, Harriet points out at the moral contaminating effect of slavery as an institution on the slave owners and this is parallel to Douglass narrative. The editor Richard D. Webb, writes This book shows as forcibly as any story we have ever read the moral pollution and perversion inevitable in a community where slavery is a recognized institution. Yet some

Introduction to Engineering - Truss Bridge Design Essay

Introduction to Engineering - hold fast Bridge Design - study ExampleIntroduction to Engineering - Truss Bridge DesignThis model successfully worked to hold want load and effectively fulfilled the load resistance qualities that a practical bridge over must have. Keywords Truss bridge, bridge competition, bridge model, bridge stability. Introduction Bridge design is the fundamental part of civil design and intimately critical as well. It is designed for transportation of heavy traffic meanwhile, it is constructed to cope with environmental effectuate like storms. There be many images of link up that are being used around the world, among them most common are arch bridges, girder bridges, adhere bridges, cantilever bridges, cable stayed bridges, moveable bridges and suspension bridges(SWE, 2012). The type of bridge that we incorporated in our design is the truss bridge. These are the oldest and the most economical bridges strand around the world with excellent weight bearin g capacity(BuildingBig, 2010). Atypical truss bridge is shown below oddity of truss bridges is the triangular elements present in the structure to share the load applied on the bridge by the traffic(JHU). In a typical truss bridge design the horizontal members are responsible for bearing loads as a result of horizontal as well as dynamic compression.In our bridge design we made use of Popsicle sticks to create truss members as well as the base of the bridge. These sticks were coupled together by making use of glue. Where unavoidable, the sticks were cut to the required lengths for making triangle structures of the bridge. For providing strength to the design, the sticks were stacked over each other in 3 to 4 layers and the whole structure was made which is shown below Before finalizing the above bridge design, we tested a name of bridge structures before as well by making use of west point bridge design, but in all those designs failed while testing. By making use of strategic t echniques to design practical bridges based on load distribution errors were reduced and thickness of trusses and other members was increased. This gave stability to the bridge design. after(prenominal) that we started working in the structure of the bridge. For that purpose the first task was to select the appropriate material for constructing truss bridge which goes well with our dimensional requirements. Therefore, sucker sticks were chosen as a preferred material. aft(prenominal) that all the sticks were marked at the point of applying glue. Initial step was to design the the bottom frame of the structure in which three layers of sticks were used. Here is the view of one bottom structure. Total deuce rails were made for the bridge. After structuring the bottom next step was to structure the rectangular truss portion of the bridge. For that purpose first two steps of bottom design were used to collect popsicle sticks and gluing them together. After that, triangular portions wer e structured and joined together. These trusses were then connected to the bottom rails as shown below Last step was to connect the gather of both the trusses and bottom rails to each other by making use of popsicle sticks and gluing them to the bottom. In this way the final structure was drawn. Results and Discussion In the design of first bridge, total 145 popsicle sticks were used and the resulting weight of the bridge was calculated to be approximately 198.3lbs. The designed bridge

Critique article Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique article - Research Paper ExampleIn addition, it should not have generalized respiratory therapists and nurses because the study is confined to a limited population and the take in method potbellynot be considered representative of the universal population. Nonetheless to focus on prevention of ventilator-associated Pneumonia is clear.The introductory role is clear, concise and informative. It successfully established the surmount of the study and explained its objectives and significance. Of, particular importance are the empirical evidences that build the case for the research hypothesis and the research framework.The section reviewing previous literature on the research subject is practically non-existent. Prior studies were cited but in a very sweeping manner and only served to go points made in the Introduction section. Some previous studies were cited such as the survey among French and Canadian ICU directors on VAP adherence and the work of van Nieuwenhoven et al . (2006), which addressed clinical applicability of prevention measures. nevertheless the details are not sufficient to establish a gap that the article could fill and forge a research framework accordingly.The methods section did not specify an overarching methodology that could have outlined a clear research framework or effectively defined research concepts. If there is, it should have been intelligibly identified. Instead, the paper - in the methodology section - merely talked about the sue without even citing how such processes came to be. This construction highlights the most critical flaw of the study.Like the manner by which the methodology was written, the data gathering process was similarly unsystematic. The researchers merely created a survey and distributed the questionnaires without attempting to design a scientific sampling procedure. The same can be said about the content of the questionnaire and consequently the type of data gathered. Based on these parameters, the researchers were qualified

American Writers Essay Example for Free

American Writers EssayList of American Novels for Research Project English 11H Historical/ fight Red Badge of Courage, Stephen Crane Killer Angels, Michael Shaara A F arwell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway The Things They Carried, Tim OBrien Cold Mountain, Charles Frazier My Brother surface-to-air missile is Dead, JL Collier African-American Beloved, Toni Morrison (mature themes) I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou Native Son, James Baldwin The Color Purple, Alice pushcart (mature themes) Invisible opus, Ralph Ellison Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston Malcom X (autobiography- lengthy) A Lesson Before Dying, Ernest Gaines. The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, Ernest Gaines Go narrate it on the Mountain, James Baldwin Black Boy, Richard Wright (memoir) Dystopian/Futuristic/Science Fiction Enders Game, Orson Scott Card mass murder 5, Kurt Vonnegut Catch-22, Joseph Heller The Giver, Lois Lowry Martian Chronicles, Ray Bradbury Realism/Naturalism/Regionalism T he Call of the Wild, yap London White Fang, Jack London OPioneers, Willa Cather My Antonia, Willa Cather Maggie, Girl of the Streets, Stephen Crane The Jungle, Upton Sinclair Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain Miscellaneous Modern/contemporary novels The Secret Life of Bees, Sue Monk Kidd.The Natural, Bernard Malamud (baseball Jewish myth) One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, hatful Kesey (set in a mental asylum) House on Mango Street, Sandy Cisneros Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck The Joy risk Club, Amy Tan (Chinese-American culture) The Help, Kathryn Stockett (set in 1960s about African-American maids in the South) Shoeless Joe, WP Kinsella (baseball) Franny and Zooey, by JD Salinger (from 1950s If you bear an interest in world philosophy or eastern religion, youd probably like this. ) The Outsiders, S. E. Hinton The tam-tam Jar, Sylvia Plath (mature themes) Research Novel Lottery Preparation.Native American Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, Sherman Alexie abruptly Tru e Diary of a Part-time Indian, Sherman Alexie Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko Quest/Journey On the Road, Jack Kerouac The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway The Road, Cormac McCarthy Dark Romanticism The ruby-red Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne (set in Puritan New England challenging) ark Roma nticis m he Scarlet Letter For our project, you will read one of the books on this list and (later) research the reasons this has become a satisfying member of the American literary canon. (What literary elements make it unique or powerful?What impact has this convey had on our history or way of thinking? ) During our next class, we will conduct a drafting so that each student has a different title. To help insure that you end up with a title that you will enjoy, please spend 20-30 minutes choosing 4 titles from the list that you will be lucky to read and research. You ARE NOT allowed to read any book that you have previously read. I strongly suggest you do some Internet searches on various titles to examine what those books are all about, and to locate if their content might appeal to you. You also need to make sure ahead of time that your choices are okay with your parents.Remember, we will draw names and choose titles, so its highly likely you wint get your first choice. You may, in fact, want to come up with more than four choices quad top choices 1_________________________________________________________________________ 2_________________________________________________________________________ 3_________________________________________________________________________ 4_________________________________________________________________________ Please see side two for list of titles?

Importance of deadlines Essay Example for Free

Importance of deadlines EssayI bedevil never moulded in any commerce were it is acceptable to miss deadlines. Deadlines should never be disregarded as they atomic number 18. I can offer no explanation as to why people routinely complain about instructors who do not fall back graded tests and papers when promised qualification routinely complain about colleagues who neglect to complete their throw on time and I film seen administrators that simply plead with faculty, time and again, to complete long-over due(p) assessments or other grand ready.Ill grant that in the current economic circumstances, with many academic units at many colleges, universities and branches underfunded and understaffed, faculty and staff alike be being asked to do more and more work with fewer people, fewer resources, and less time. But if were being honest we deem to admit that the problem of faculty who atomic number 18 unaccountable to deadlines is an older problem than the current economic crisis within academe the problem is endemic, systemic, epidemic.Regardless of the cause, when the routine, sometimes mundane business of the university is overleap or plain merely delayed, complications and stress cascade through the ranks, amplifying the problems that match faculty, staff, and even students must then deal with and solve. Even worse, sometimes the most egregious offenders when it comes to blowing off deadlines are senior faculty, who should, frankly, know and be bind better.One step toward reducing the stress and work we create for others, and ourselves, force be to take more seriously the deadlines that often accompany our work, but that are sometimes neglected when faculty perceive, often quite wrongly, that there are no negative consequences for missing a deadline. close to deadlines are absolutely rigid, such as the filing dates for theses and dissertations, the sorts of deadlines that must be met if one hopes to polish on time. These rigid deadlines ar e the types of bureaucraticdeadlines that we have to navigate routinely in order to complete graduate degrees, apply for grants, or otherwise navigate the complex institutions of the modern academy. Other deadlines are effectively rigid. When your subdivision chair or a fellow faculty fellow member assigns you a task with a due date, it behooves all faculty members to regard those sorts of deadlines as rigid, especially if you dont have tenure. Such deadlines energy be negotiable in some circumstances, but they arent to be disregarded altogether.Blowing off your campus bookshops deadline for textbook orders, for example, may seem like a trivial lapse. But potentially, missing even such a seemingly small deadline creates additional work for the already-swamped employees placing the orders, and it can result in high costs for students if books have to be rush-shipped or if the window to order used texts is missed. Even though you are unlikely to suffer personally for missing the deadline, others may suffer.A whole other treated of the deadlines that we await in academe are self-imposed, milestones that we set for ourselves in order to complete the nebulous, long-running projects that often comprise interrogation and scholarship. Even though such self-imposed deadlines are wacky, in that there is no enforcer that go out come forward and punish, chastise, or cajole us if we miss them, I think that its broadly speaking a bad idea to miss even the deadlines that we set for ourselves. Assuming, and this is a big assumption, that the deadlines we set for ourselves are realistic.These soft deadlines cant be taken too lightly the ability, or inability, to set and view goals without external guidance or enforcement will determine whether or not a tenure-track faculty member is able to figure expectations for scholarly productivity and ultimately win tenure. One of the tricks to managing these soft deadlines is learning to set goals that are both meaning(pr enominal) and realistic. It is much easier said than done, and hopefully an advanced graduate student receives gigantic mentorship on how to manage the research workload. Cooperative, self-policing structures like writing groups are one way to formalize soft deadlines and hold ourselvesaccountable to ourselves and to others to complete, or at least make progress on, our long-term projects.An important transgress of managing our work is knowing how to differentiate between soft and rigid deadlines, and how to prioritize deadlines across all of the varieties of work required of faculty.Deadlines intimacy in our interactions with students as well. My feeling is that if I am going to hold students purely accountable to a deadline, then I too need to be accountable in similar ways. When I give my students writing assignments, each assignment is accompanied by a specifically provide series of deadlines for when drafts and peer reviews are due, a deadline for each stage of the writi ng process, each of which students are expect to meet. But my assignments also include deadlines for myself, essentially promises of when I will return things like graded papers. retentiveness students strictly to deadlines, but then failing to return work in a seasonably manner, sends a message of hypocrisy to students that they immediately detect and disdain. I hold myself as accountable to self-imposed deadlines, just as I hold my students accountable. By advertising my own deadlines for tasks like grading, in this case on the writing assignment itself, I create a mechanism that forces me to be accountable.When it comes to interacting with colleagues, I also work hard to meet deadlines. As a junior faculty member, I never want to be the squeaky wheel, never want to be the committee member who fails to turn in work on time and holds up other people and an entire process. My unwillingness to be branded as a shirker is in addition, of course, to the glaringly obvious point that it is simply a common courtesy to meet administrative deadlines. Everyone in the university has work to do, much of it important work, and failing to do our own work in a timely, professional manner unnecessarily delays the work of others.There are certainly times when we learn that we will be unable to meet a deadline. If you foresee missing an externally imposed deadline, its both courteous and good policy to let interested parties know, sooner rather thanlater, that you may be delayed in delivering your work. Such a warning at least take ons others involved in the work to improvise an accommodation. Simply allowing a deadline to pass without a word of warning is discourteous and doesnt allow others to help ameliorate the effects of your own delays. And missed deadlines are almost always noticed, even when the matter at hand may seem trivial.As you progress in your career, you may be asked to peer-review manuscripts that have been submitted to journals in your subdiscipline. It is especially important to meet an editor in chiefs deadlines when conducting reviews of manuscripts. Some disciplines have a nicety of turning reviews around quickly, while other disciplines (particularly in the humanities) are notorious for a tradition of winning months, sometimes even over a year, simply to review manuscripts. As a result of muted turnarounds and senior scholars who can sometimes be cavalierly unconcerned about conducting reviews in a timely manner, junior scholars often suffer.I once had a journal hold onto an article of mine for quadruplet months, during which time a staffer sent me a cryptic message implying that the article was undergoing review. After foursome months had passed, I was notified that the editor had decided not to send out the article for review, and to reject it outright. The editor was well within his rights to reject the article, but to take four months to do so was lazy and unprofessional in the extreme, and borderline unethical.Secondar ily, because the article had not been sent out to reviewers, but simply sat on the editors desk, I did not even have the benefit of the feedback of reviews. Those four months were time that I could have spent revising the article, or submitting it at a different journal. Unfortunately, such stories are legion, and I have heard much more egregious examples of how editors or reviewers failures to keep to a reasonable schedule have hurt the publication prospects of junior scholars.Unfortunately, we are often tasked with work that feels trivial or futile. Or meaningful work simply piles up into seemingly unmanageable stacks. Every faculty member I know feels overwhelmed at some point in the semester. Nonetheless, when we neglect to complete work in a timely manner, ourcolleagues and students sometimes suffer. Sometimes there isnt as much accountability in the academy as there should be, which is all the more reason to hold ourselves accountable

Plato and Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Plato and Aristotle Es maintainPlato the great classic classical philosopher lived between c. 427 and c. 347 BC. Plato unitedly with his mentor, Socrates, and Aristotle (384-322 BC) are credited with helping lay the foundations of Western philosophy. Plato was a scholarly person of Socrates and the un on the button death of Socrates by execution is thought to have profoundly affected influenced him. Plato would later write in his dialogues the teachings of Socrates. Besides philosophizing, Plato was as well a mathematician who helped show the distinction between pure and applied mathematics. Plato also founded what is thought to be the first institution of higher learning in Western solid ground, the Academy, in A and sos. Plato was a sophisticated writer and this is evident in the dialogues. The dialogues have continued to be used to teach philosophy, logic, palaver and mathematics. Indeed Platos philosophy has influenced so many, scarce not necessarily handleminded in dividuals and they include Platos schoolchild and his greatest critic, Aristotle, Plotinus, Philo, St. Augustine, Avicenna, St. Bonaventure, Hegel, to name proficient but a few.The Christian Church was highly inspired and aware by Platonism. The Cambridge Platonists were so named because of the indelible mark Plato had left in their scholarly lives. Some other philosophers ilk Friedrich Nietzsche together with his followers would attack Plato teachings. The list is end little. Plato wielded so much influence and this drove Alfred North milium to observe famously All Western philosophy consists of foot timbers of Plato. At the he nontextual matter of Platonism is the supposition of contours, which volition you find with much surprise that Plato all deals with it almost in passing in his dialogues.Nevertheless the theory has come to be a tool that heap help us understand Platos go about to ethics and metaphysics, aesthetics and epistemology. Plato developed the theory in his middle-period dialogues care Phaedo, Symposium, and Republic and then later criticized it himself in Parmenides (Brickhouse and Smith, 2008). The theory is an explanation of Platos belief that there exists an immaterial Universe of forms, or perfect scenes of prevalent things such as t suit able-bodied, bird, ideas/emotions, joy, doion, etc (uororegon. edu/plato. html, par. 3).This means that the objects and the ideas in our material world are mere shadows of the forms. To be able to understand the theory of forms better we first need to understand what forms as Plato glanceed them. A form is a conceptual proportion or quality. If you tolerate take an object and then separate that object and knock over it by itself then it is form you are contemplating. If we could use the example of a hoops, separate its embonpoint from its color, its weight, and perchance its texture and then think just of its forget me drugness, this is the form of roundness.And as Plato put it the r oundness exists apart from the basketball and in a different mode of existence than it. Form is not just the idea of roundness you have in the mind, form exists independently of the basketball and also independently of whether some angiotensin-converting enzyme thinks of it. This applies to all round things, not just basketball. They participate or copy the form of roundness. Forms differ from material objects because of the properties they have. The first position of forms is that they are intuitive and unlike material things do not exist in m and space.A basketball exists at a particular place and at a particular time. The basketballs roundness form does not exist in space and this would explain why they are unchanging. A form like roundness allow for never change and it does even exist in time. It clay the same at all times and at all places. You can instantiate a form in any different place or time and it pass on still be the same. dismantle if all objects that are round are destroyed the attribute of roundness would still exist. The other property of forms is that they are pure i. e. hey are properties separated from all other properties (Ryle, par. 7). To use the example of basketball still, we will notice that it is composed of many properties apart from the roundness and this include ballness, orangeness, elasticity, etc, and all are put together to make one basketball. Therefore there are many forms existing by themselves, apart from time and space. Roundness is just pure roundness and so is orangeness. Forms are different from material objects because they are transcendent and pure. Forms can also be understood as being archetypes.This is means that they are the perfect examples of the property they represent, they are the perfect demonstration upon which all material objects are based. Forms are also Ultimately trustworthy entities. Every material object is a copy of a collection of forms. The other thing to note about forms is that they ar e Causes meaning they give explanations of why things are the way they are and they are also the mention or origin of the being of things ( Banach, par 11). The last aspect of forms is that they are Systematically Interconnected.This is to say that forms encompass a system starting from the form of the Good moving from more(prenominal) general to more particular from more objective to more subjective The general structure Platos argument goes like this we do believe that the more objective a concept is, the more truly the thing it represents. This we do by using objectivity to distinguish appearance from reality. So the more objective you get, the more real you get. Platos second premise is that forms are more objective than material objects.This leads to the conclusion that forms are more real than objects. Plato says that the world we cover with our senses often deceives us, a phenomenon that would not be present if the world and the objects we perceive with our senses were r eal. It appears that all the objects we perceive are simply images or experiences of our mind. They are subjective points of view for real things. The world we see is not the real world but its image and it is difficult to ascertain at what direct of observation we get in touch with the real objects that make up the world.So we are compel to assume that the more objective the concept of description is the more real the object it describes. Through what is called dialectical process we combine many different points of view to achieve a more objective description that accommodates all the other common points of view. For Plato therefore real objects cannot be the subjective images we perceive. The everyday material objects like chairs, tables, trees, are different in that they take into account all of the subjective images we form of a atomic number 53 object.But we should not take this as the real object because we can only get in contact with these objects through subjective im age. They also contain many different properties that are combined. Lastly, these objects are ever so changing. As such the only level that things really exist is at the level of single properties take away from particular objects. What we perceive of the world are subjective perspectives and unless there are forms, it would appear that some aspect of relativism is true.Relativism holds that every thing in existence is subject to a subjective view of truth, beauty, truth and justness. Plato contest relativism saying most of the times we objectively discuss and argue about concepts like beauty, truth and judge and as such this dialectic process helps us understand them better. So if there forms of beauty, truth and justice then it is possible to objectively criticize subjective points of view about these things. Plato writes that forms approximate forms. As such the form of beauty is perfect beauty and the form of justice is perfect justice.Conceiving of Forms in this way was i n-chief(postnominal) to Plato because it enabled the philosopher who grasps the entities to be best able to judge to what extent sensible instances of the Forms are good examples of the Forms they approximate (Philosophyprofessor. com, 2008) possible action of forms can aid an individual make judgments of good and bad, better or worse by participate or copying the attributes of the all the good practices around us. If we understand the concept of something we can also distinguish if the concept is one that we should aspire to.Teleology is the study of goals, ends, and purposes. Telos means end or purpose. A person holding a teleological world view believes that the end of things provides meaning for all that has happened or that will occur. If one holds that history has a timeline with a beginning and end, in a teleological view of the world, then the meaning and value of all historical events is derived from their ends or purposes. Aristotle, Platos student, is the leading propo nent of the teleological view (Hooker, par. 1).In giving his cardinal causes (aitia) for things, Aristotle lists the end/purpose for which the thing was made as the most important. Aristotle conducted a causative investigation of a specific department of reality which result in causal knowledge. causal knowledge is the knowledge of appropriate causes. Aristotle emphasized the concept of cause and this explains why his theory causality is sometimes referred to as the doctrine of four causes. According to Aristotle, what cause is, and how many types causes there are, is what is key to a flourishing investigation of the world around (plato. tanford. edu/entries/aristotle-causality, 2008) Aristotle says that we can deduce that we have knowledge of a thing if only we have grasped its cause, or its why.Aristotle provides a general account of the four causes. It is a general account because it is relevant to everything requiring an explanation and even includes artistic productions and human actions. In Aristotle theory of causality, there are four types of causes that can be used to answer a why-question. These are 1. The material cause, or that out of which, the bronze of a statue . The formal cause, or the form, the account of what-it-is-to-be, the shape of a statue 3. The efficient cause, or the primary source of the change or rest, the artist, the art of bronze-casting the statue. 4. The final cause, or the end, that for the sake of which a thing is through. (plato. stanford. edu/entries/aristotle-causality, 2008) The four causes can all explain something. The start of the making of the bronze statue until it is finished can be explained by all the four causes.The efficient cause in the production of the statue requires to be elaborated in that Aristotle thought the art of bronze-casting should be picked over the artist who has mastered the art as the appropriate specification for the efficient cause. Aristotle chooses to do this because he is trying to pro vide an explanation of statue production which does not make lineament to the desires or beliefs or intentions of an artist. The four causes all offer a teleological explanation for the production of a bronze statue.The type of teleological explanation provided above does not depend on such psychological concepts as desires, beliefs and intentions. This is because Aristotle wanted a model that could also be used to investigate nature. Some passel have tried to point out that Aristotle tries to explain nature using an inappropriate psychological model, a model that has a purposive agent that is sensitive to the end. But this assertion can be countered by saying that Aristotle does not psychologize nature because his inquiry is a teleological model free from the psychological factors.Aristotle does not always disqualify the beliefs and desires. In the case of the production of the bronze statue, one may be concerned in a particular bronze statue because it could be the great achieve ment of an artisan who has mastered the art and applied it distinctively. In this case it is in order to include the beliefs and desires of the artist. Aristotle causal theory is not only used to explain nature but can to explain many other areas that make up the human existence. It certainly can help us make good judgments concerning the good and bad.This is true if we can think up the four causes before we do or say anything. The four causes can act as guide to all we do and say, we can also use the four causes to determine the service program of something. If every time we think of the purpose or the goal of something we can certainly be able to tell if it is a good idea or a bad one before we do it. As such we will be in a position to make sound judgments. When we match Platos theory of forms and Aristotle theory of causality what possibly is the difference or the similarity of the judgment that one can make?Platos theory is based on concepts that we do not see but are in exis tence as such we should aspire to these qualities. In instances where we need to make just judgments we should be guided by what we know as perfect justice. It would appear that Platos theory of forms would be problematic in dealing with many problems of the world since we are required to transcend it. Aristotles four causes on the other hand seems more suited to us. It is easy to grasp and it is easy to determine the causal reality.Platos theory of forms is good only in as far as it is being handled by person with better understanding of how it really works. This is then means it cannot be used by everybody pretermit those schooled in philosophy. Aristotles teleological explanation of the world is very applicable in the world directly and in fact almost every in the society can use it. It is a just a matter of thinking what an action will achieve, the end. So the Aristotles teleology is more or less available to the general population than Platos theory of forms where they will h ave to conceptualize things.

Born Black, Live Brave, Die Free

Born Black, hold water Brave, Die Free EssayId rather die my way than live yours.- Lauren Oliver. At some station in your sustenance you defy been gift down, burdened, discourage, or point depressed. Some periods there are authoritative things you can do to help ease these human issues, but sometimes these issues are opportunities to be however better than you were before this is so in Richard Wrights case. In the novel Black Boy Richard Wright was in a constant state of oppression, whether he was encompassed by friends or foes he was constantly put down, even if it was those who were supposed to always love him. Because of this continuous adversity in his life, Richard Wright gradually develops into a very separatist, independent and strong person. Through Richard Wrights own experiences, maybe other individuals who are in the same situations of life can learn the dexterity of persistence and liberation as well.Throughout Richards life, he faces the want for a lovin g family to help and encourage him. However, they un cunningly help to form his emancipation. For instance, he has to be independent regarding his negligent father, whom abandons him and the rest of his family (16). Thereafter, Richards mother puts the responsibility on him to buy the familys groceries One even out my mother told me that thereafter I would have to do the shopping for food. When I reached the corner, a gang of boys grabbed me, knocked me down, snatched the basket, took the money, and send me running home in panic. He is repeatedly beaten and robbed by a group of boys when he goes to the corner store to buy the groceries, and complains to his mother saying, Im scared, or, Theyll beat me theyll beat me.She simply reacts by giving him a stick and telling him to fight them if they bother him again, in which he does (17-18). She attempts to strain Richard dark and independent in this routineicular situation because she believes this is the only way he can survive. Al though he was abandoned, afraid, and discouraged he still overcame all of that, initiating the development of his independence. In this instance in Wrights life, he is closely forced to be independent because of the irresponsibility of his father. In life, arduous situations may cause an individual to have a lot more responsibility put on them. Think about a time in your life where you had to be responsible when things didnt turn out to your liking. Responsibility forms independence.During most of Richards adolescent years, he is often discipline through the perform and religion mainly because of his grandmother and aunt Addie. For instance when Richard said, I could not get a job that would let me rest on grans holy Sabbath.(133), it showed that strict religion was enforced upon him stripping him of freedom to do things. However, Richard did not discontinue that to get in his way, and he took hold of his desires whether Granny liked it or not. Also, at very a few(prenominal) m oments during this time he comes very close to being square offd by religion While listening to the brainy language of the sermons I was pulled towards emotional belief, but as soon as I went out of the church building I knew that none of it was true and that nothing would happen.(102).This instance, and the many other instances where his grandmother had gotten people to attempt to influence Richard religiously, shows how uneasily influenced Richard is, and does not feel the need to agree with everyone else so that he can fit in. When Richard refuses the church and religion at all, he shows his independence and that he does not have be a part of something that he is indifferent about, no matter who may be attempting to influence him. Sometimes being disciplined by someone can also cause you to be independent, because you understand the responsibility of not overstepping boundaries but, sometimes you must overstep them to prove that you are your own person.Finally, as a young boy it is recognised in the novel that Richard is not like most of the other people around him. He is a passionate reader and writer, and most of the people he lives and associates himself with are skeptical and puzzled at his thirstiness for knowledge. In one instance Richard writes a story, The Voodoo of Hells Half-Acre, and almost everyone he knows discourages his writing, ask out a newspaper editor (165-166). He learns to be independent from both his family and friends subjugation and discouragement of his writing.Also, when Richard joins the communistic Party they do not always except him, or the things that he does (ch.18). Once again Wright has been put down and suppressed, yet he remains the same. Sometimes being independent does not only make you responsible, disciplined, and individualistic, but a strong person altogether. If you cannot handle the adversities of life, youll never finish your journey and never real experience life for yourself.To conclude, Richard Wright ha s definitely proven through the novel Black Boy that he is a very independent individual. Wright is showing that the things that may be disguised as nothing but problem are actually opportunities to grow into this thing we call a human being this includes being an independent, self-reliant person. Through all of the disappointments, pain, and depressing times in his life he remained liberated and accepted the responsibilities he had to accomplish as a young man, which involved him even disciplining himself just to show his independence and maturity.Also, his independence developed who he wanted to be, and not what others wanted him to be. In the end the universal theme of this analyze is that it is vitally important to be a self-sufficient, independent person and who you want to be, not who others want you to be, and knowing that adversities arent made to hurt you but to make you stronger. Open your eyes look within. Are you quelled with the life youre living?- Bob Marley.

Tobacco Use Among Teenagers Essay Example for Free

tobacco plant Use Among Teenagers EssayIn the unite States, baccy role or cig bette wood pussy has been identified as the leading ca manipulation of preventable death. Almost half a million deaths annually consent been associated to cig artte fastball. The prevalence of tobacco use by girlishs has intensified in the 1990s, with the highest rates during 1996 to 1997 and then decreased thereafter (CDC, 1998). If the pattern of tobacco use early on during adolescence ensues, this depart result in around 5 million minors who bequeath mature into adults that go out experience fume-related illness in the future. Medical expenses related to tobacco use make been estimated to cost approximately $50 to $73 billion annually. Such estimates moderate alarmed the healthcare agencies that they break created comprehensive pot prevention curriculums to lessen smoking among juveniles. The topic of tobacco use among teenagers is related to the goals of sizeable People 2010, w hich is a comprehensive collection of disease prevention and health education programs that was found by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010 was created by researchers and scientists to address the current issues in public health. The two main objectives of Healthy People 2010 is to improve the quality of life of the residents of the United States, which will result in the prolongation of life expectancy, and to prevent whatever differences that are observed and covered with regards to unlike subgroups within the U.S. population. Massive anti-smoking campaign efforts were earlier initiated in order to deflect young and curious teenagers from using tobacco. These efforts included outright health warnings regarding the serious effects of smoking that are attached to every roll up of cigarettes. There was as well the aggressive campaign to enhance distaste towards smokers, convincing the rest of the society that smoking is not a good hab it for atoms of the society, especially if the stench and stains of cigarette smoking will be physically attached to the smoker after a couple of months.In addition, rule has required that a young-looking buyer should present his identification card in order to prove that he is at least 18 years old before he is allowed to buy cigarettes from a vendor. Any vendor who is caught sell cigarettes to a minor has been warned that he could be penalized for providing addictive items to a minor. Unfortunately, all these efforts in dissuading the youth from tobacco use was unsuccessful, as shown in the increase in smoking cases among teenagers as well as portal to tobacco use amidst all these smoking prevention efforts. Recent research keep abreasts have determined that a generic smoking prevention program is not as effective as it was thought to be because each state and each rail showed a different type of setting that strongly square offs a typical adolescent to succumb to the sque eze and lure of cigarette smoking. Variations in the factors that influence an adolescent to smoke are present at the levels of the country, state, school, and individual (Lotrean et al., 2006). In addition, the society and surround wherein the adolescent is situated too varies within the United States. In name of school-setting influence on tobacco use, research surveys show that smoking is strongly correlated with poor connection with peers at school. This includes the loss of feeling of being a member of a group in school or the simple sensation of belonging to the school society. tobacco plant use among adolescents is overly strongly connected to a lack of discipline in the school, which is actually a responsibility of the teacher. The lack of discipline is thus a result of an inadequacy in the involvement of the teachers with the adolescent students. It has to a fault been observed that different schools follow a full ban on cigarette smoking within the school grounds, whil e other schools implement a partial ban.Unfortunately, there are also schools that do not have smoking bans. Schools often have school policies that specifically indicate that when a student of the school is caught smoking cigarettes within the school premises, a corresponding school action will be given to the student. Research indicates that schools that have established strict school policies show a importantly lower rate of tobacco use than schools that do not included any policy on tobacco use within the schools premises. Another factor that influences teenage students to smoke originates from the school purlieu is the exposure of students to teachers who smoke within school premises. There are also specific gender-related factors that act upon teenagers to use tobacco. In an independent study, it was observed that female teenagers are more vulnerable to social pressure at school than male teenagers (Barnett et al., 2007). The same trend in tobacco use is observed when a fema le adolescent is living in a single-parent home environment, much different from the reflectivitys reported from a male teenager who is residing in a single-parent home environment. Social interactions existing around the teenager also induces them to use tobacco. In a cross-sectional investigation among middle school students, it was reported that there is a positive cor semblance between tobacco use and alcohol consumption among teenagers (Fisher et al., 2007). Interestingly, it was observed that the presence of family activities, especially family dinners, serve as a protection for teenagers from initiating use of alcohol and tobacco. The only limitation to such observation was that the preventive effect of family dinners is only effective during the pre-contemplative stage of smoking cigarettes or drinking alcohol. Once the adolescent has started smoking or drinking, the efforts of setting up family dinners as prevention or protection schemes has been determined to be ineffecti ve. The role of the family, in terms of social interaction and frequency of present to the adolescent, thus strongly influences any decisions that he may make. The opposite scheme is observed among adolescents who rarely or seldom have family dinners together. It was estimated that these individuals were 50% more likely to use tobacco and drink alcohol.Thus, social interactions within the family members render an excellent locale for communication between the adolescent and his parents which in turn provide an impact on the behavior of the teenager. The single-parent environment of an adolescent also shows a greater risk of using tobacco. This influence is further complicated when the teenager involved is female. The occurrence of other members of the family smoking at home also influences a teenager to go out and actually follow suit in smoking (Phillips et al., 2007). Aside from that, even if the teenager does not set to smoke, his exposure to secondhand smoke subjects him to the same or even worse condition in terms of the harmful effects of tobacco on human health. Another factor that influences use of tobacco among teenagers is the indecorous application of knowledge or instruction to actual life choices. In a research survey involving adolescents and their corresponding parents, it was determined that approximately 85% of the youth respondents and their parents admitted that they knew that tobacco use was harmful to their health (Lubman et al., 2007).The figures of this report were quite encouraging, because both the young and adult respondents showed that they were aware of the associated health implications of smoking cigarettes. However, it was also discouraging to tape that the report pull ind a striking opposite result with the rates of tobacco use in the same surveyed population, indicating that this population was not capable of translating the information regarding tobacco use and health into actual behavioural output. The media also has an influence on the use of tobacco among adolescents. Research has described that adolescents who view movies that include a teenager character smoking induces the adolescent viewer to follow suit in a dose-response relation (Sargent et al., 2007). The effect of media on teenage tobacco use is categorically different from the effect of the immediate environment where an adolescent is located. Given the abovementioned factors that influence tobacco use among teenagers, it is thus ideal to design and implement a smoking prevention program that is based on the actual conditions of a community where susceptible teenagers are situated. An exemplary effort is spearheaded by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) which has proposed that each state create smoking prevention programs to lessen the frequency of smoking among adolescents. Research surveys have been conducted to identify factors that influence youth in considering the use of tobacco as part of their young lives.The Youth Tobacco Surveillance and Evaluation trunk was established by the CDC to conduct surveys of middle and high school students at the state, national and international levels. The carcass is comprised of two parts, the National Youth Tobacco Survey and the state-level Youth Tobacco Surveys. Both surveys were designed to offer smoking prevention programs nationwide. Each program is distinct for each state and country, depending on what has been observed in the surveys that were conducted prior to the implementation of the smoking prevention program (Rudatsikira et al., 2007). The programs provide information regarding the different types of tobacco that are currently being circulated among the youth, including cigarettes, pipe and cigars. The attitudes of children and youth are also examined in order to determine the influence of different factors around their immediate environment as well as in their homes. I have learned that smoking among teenagers is not a simple action that is influenced by peer pressure. I agnize through my research that smoking among teenagers is influenced by social interactions with the family and friends, as well as in the school. It is also interesting to know that the media imparts a strong effect on teenagers and smoking. I also agree with the reports that describe that different conditions exist in different communities, hence a simple smoking prevention program that involves aggressive campaign against smoking and tobacco are destined to be ineffective in decrease or controlling the rise in the number of cases of teenagers using tobacco. I will take the information I have learned from this report with me and hopefully I may apply the facts that I have learned in the actual setting.ReferencesBarnett TA, Gauvin L, Lambert M, OLoughlin J, Paradis G and McGrath JJ (2007) The influence of school smoking policies on student tobacco use. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161(9)842-848.CDC (1998) Tobacco use among high school students United States, 1 997. MMWR 47 229-33.Fisher LB, Miles IW, capital of Texas SB, Camargo Jr. CA and Colditz GA (2007) Predictors of initiation of alcohol use among US adolescents. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161(10)959-966.Lotrean LM, Ionut C and de Vries H (2006) Tobacco use among Romanian youth. Salud in the public eye(predicate)a Mex. 48 suppl 1S107-S112.Lubman DI, Hides L and Jorm AF (2007) Beliefs of young people and their parents about the harmfulness of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco for mental disorders. MJA 187266269.Phillips R, Amos A, Ritchie D, Cunningham-Burley S and Martin C (2007) Smoking in the home after the smoke-free legislation in Scotland qualitative study. BMJ 335553-557.Rudatsikira E, Abdo A and Muula AS (2007) Prevalence and determinants of adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 7176-182.Sargent JD, Stoolmiller M, Worth KA, Cin SD, Wills TA, Gibbons FX, Gerrard M and Tanski S (2007) Exposure to smoking depictions in movies its association with established adolescent smoking. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161(9)849-856.

Martin Luther King Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther tycoon screenI have a dream that 1 day my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will non be judged by the food colouring of their skin, but by the content of their character (Martin Luther queen regnant younger). These wise and upholding words of confidence and termination changed the face of America during a age of hate and discrimination. magnates inspirational drawship and talkes helped wreak a local slew kick into a pastal event ( index, Martin Luther jr. ) He pull together gigabytes of people, both black and white, to many encouraging protests and meetings to bring a hateful and racist world to peace.His dodge of encouraging nonviolent protest and interracial cooperation helped him to fight effectively again the s forbiddenhern system ( office, Martin Luther jr.). These strategies were also based on the belief of Indian pacifist Mohandas Gandhi. Martin Luther mogul Jr.s ambitiousness to seek a perfect world was extr avagant he will always be in the minds and hearts of Americans in years to come.Martin Luther index Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in battle of Atlanta, Georgia (Martin Luther King Jr.). His birth name was Michael, but he later changed it to Martin (Martin Luther King Jr.). His parents names were Alberta and Martin Luther King, Sr. Alberta was a homemaker and Martin Sr. was a minister (Martin Luther King Jr.). Martin Jr. also had an older sister, named Christine, and a younger brother, named AlfredRogers 2 (Martin Luther King Jr.). Young Martin grew up in Atlanta to a very loving family highly devoted to service and faith. When Martin was young, he first encountered racism when his friends contract (who was white) did not allow him to play with her white son (Darby 8). Martin was too young to understand completely the significance of why he was not allowed but the mess board he was simple, blacks were different from whites (Darby 9).Martins knowledge was know at a young age. H e began reading at a very early age his favorite books were about black history and the people who made it (Darby 13). He went to school at local segregated schools in Atlanta. He went to school when he was only five years old, but at the time it was only legal for kids to start school at the age of six. After officials found this out, he was forced to wait another year and start again. Martin attend Young Street elementary and David Elementary Schools.When Martin was a junior in high school he was taking college exams that showed how advanced he was (Martin Luther King Jr.). He was able to go to college at the age of fifteen, skipping two years of high school. Martin attended Morehouse College, an all boys school and one of the finest black colleges in the country at the time. He studied sociology and received his bachelors degree Morehouse in 1948 (Martin Luther King Jr.). At the time Martin was thinking about becoming a minister.His father being a key role forge on his decisio n to become a minister, he described his decision as an inner urge, transaction him to serve God and humanity (Carson 501). He was ordained during his final semester at Morehouse (Carson 502). At this time and topographic point in his life, this is also where Martin began to precede his first steps towards his political spotlight.After departing Morehouse, King increased his judgment of liberal Christian thoughts while attending Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania from 1948 to 1951 (Carson 502). King had interest in Reinhold Niebuhr neorthodoxy which emphasized the impact of hearty evil. Martin added he didnt begin a quest or method to eliminate social evil until he attended Crozer (Darby 20). Even as he continued to interrogate and modify his own religious belief, he was performing outstandingly and graduated at the top of his phase (Carson 502). He won the Plafker Award for the most outstanding student and received the J. Luis Crozer fellowship to study at any university of his choice (Darby 21). His parents gave him and hug and bought him a brand new Chevy.After graduating from Crozer, King began his doctoral studies in systematic theology at Boston University in School of Theology (Carson 502). The paper King had written during his time at Boston University had showed little originality but much plagiarism but had also develop a decent perspective (Carson 502). By the time King had completed his doctoral studies in 1955, King had a strong view upon a wide range of theological and philosophical texts to express his views with on the nose information (Carson 502).His new and increased theological insights became known as he expanded his talking activities at local Boston churches where he had assisted his father at masses. Also during Kings baffle in Boston, he had met Coretta Scott, an Alabama born Antioch graduate who was then a student at the mod England Conservatory of Music (Carson 502). On June 18, 1953, the students were married in Marion, Alabama, where Corettas family lived (Carson 502).During the following academic year, King began lop on his dissertation which he completed during the spring of 1955. Thus finishing his dissertation, he was awarded a doctorate (Ph.D.) I theology and became Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (Darby 23). Although he had thought about pursing an academic career, King flavorated to accept an offer to become the pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama (Carson 502).In 1955, King was selected by the Montgomery Improvement Association to protest the arrest of NAACP official Rosa lay for refusing to give her bus seat up to a white man (Carson 502). With King as their leader, the standstill led a year long boycott. King gained his leadership abilities through his religious background to in stages form a strategy that involved black churches to gain white support (Carson 502). Many of Kings beliefs were also mixed with the concepts on Indian pacifist lea der Mohandas Gandhi to enforce non-violence during his protests.During Kings speech at a local segregated black church, he had gathered four thousand people to hear the story of Rosa Parks (Darby 34). After Martins speech, people cheered and stomped their feet as their reaction. The courtly Rights Movement had begun with King as their leader (Darby 35).King had led the MIAs plan to the use of blacks not using buses until they were legal to have the right to sit anywhere they would please. During the time when blacks did not ride buses, Martin would preach too many to not boast or brag, and if struck, do not strike back (Darby 43). unitary evening Martin was pulled over by an officer on his way home, he said he was swiftness (Darby 29). The officer had told Martin that he was to be taken to the Montgomery Police, but the way he was taking him was a way through Klansman land. Klansman land was where many African Americans were taken, beaten, and hung without anybody knowing (Darby 40). Martin was very scared but briefly relieved after seeing the sign Montgomery Jail ahead (Darby 40).King was soon released from confine too good news Alabama had passed the new desegregation law, this meant victory for the blacks and the beginning of change for both races (Darby 42). With the victory, Martin cautioned black people to accept their victory with dignity and to resist violence. When King had time away from his social life, he liked spending time with his three kids. Spending time with his kids had made him stronger and more frame mentally for what was to come (Darby 61).Kings campaign to end segregation at lunch counters and in hiring practices drew nationwide attention when police glum dogs and five horses onto demonstrators (Martin Luther King Jr.). King was put away with hundreds of supporters, many of them being schoolchildren (Martin Luther King Jr.). After being released from prison, Martin and other Civil Rights Leaders began organizing the historic marc h in Washington D.C. A mix of races of about 200,000 gathered peacefully at the capital of Nebraska Memorial to demand equal justice for all citizens (Martin Luther King Jr.).Here crowds wereintrigued by Kings uplifting I have a Dream speech (Martin Luther King Jr.). His speech emphasized his faith that all men, someday, would be brothers (Martin Luther King Jr.). His speech encouraged national opinion that resulted in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Martin Luther King Jr.). The act enforced desegregation of everyday accommodation and outlawing discrimination in public owned facilities (Martin Luther King Jr.).The eventful year awarded King the Nobel ataraxis Prize in Oslo in December. Opposition hit within the Civil Rights tendency during March of 1965 at a demonstration in Selma, Alabama. The opposition was aimed at giving blacks federal suffrage rights that would hand over legal support for the African Americans in the south (Martin Luther King Jr.). King organi se the initial march from Selma to the state capital in Montgomery but did not lead it himself. The marchers were turned back with tear gas and night sticks.Determined for a second march, King set out with fifteen hundred marchers, black and white until the group came to a barrage of state troopers. Instead of forcing a confrontation, he led his followers to kneel and pray then unexpectedly turn back (Martin Luther King Jr.). The country was amazed by there actions resulting in the passage of Voting Rights of 1965 (Martin Luther King Jr.).In 1957, he was elected president of the southerly Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the civil rights movement (King, Martin Luther, Jr.). His ideas were based from Gandhi in the organization.In a hitch from 1957-1968, King traveled our six million miles and spoke over twenty five hundred times (King, Martin Luther, Jr.). He was arrested at least twenty times (King, Martin Luther, Jr.). He was a ssaulted at least four times (King, Martin Luther, Jr.). He was awarded five honorary degrees was named Man of the Year by conviction magazine in 1963 (King, Martin Luther, Jr.).His strategy of encouraging nonviolent protest and interracial cooperation enabled him to fight against the Southern system (King, Martin Luther, Jr.). Kings inspirational leadership and his speeches helped to evaluate a local bus protest into a historical event (King, Martin Luther, Jr.). He was not only the symbolic leader of African Americans but also a world figure. He was the youngest man ever to receive the Nobel Peace Prize (thirty five years of age). He also turned down the prize money of $54, 123 and it would go to the civil rights movement.He delivered his famous speech of Ive Been to the Mountaintop, April 3, 1968 (King, Martin Luther, Jr.). This had been Kings last speech. At 601 p.m. of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, where he lead a protest for striking sanitation workers, he was assassinated (King, Martin Luther, Jr.). Martin was a man, he was not God. His charismatic and herculean way of speaking had changed American lives until present day. He was a man of vision and determination. He was a good deal overworked and overtired, but this had never stopped him of dreaming what could be.

The Lovely Bones Detailed Quote Synopsis Essay Example for Free

The Lovely Bones Detailed Quote Synopsis showMy quote is Had my brother really seen me in some way, or was he merely a little boy tell beautiful lies? on paginate 95. Susie had said this while she was observing her brother from heaven. This quote has significance because I believe that Susie wants to be remembered, because as she said on p get along 91, I had never even permit myself yearn for Buckley, afraid he might see my image in a mirror or a bottle cap. Like everyone else I was trying to protect him. Perhaps the suit Buckley was so day-by-day with pointing by that he saw his sister was because he had already seen her before, he mentions he does on rogue 92 when he tells Nate, Last night she came in and kissed me on my cheek. I think the reason we dont hear of Buckley seeing Susie earlier is because Susie does not focus her attention on Buckley in order to protect him, instead she is watching the rest of her family more closely.Buckley wouldnt be telling his parent s or sister this because the family believes that he is to young and cannot understand what has actually happened to his sister. Therefore, Susie would not have seen or heard each talks of it amongst the parents. Buckley had kept seeing his sister to himself. So he resorted to saying it to his friend Nate, who is of the same age and wont hold it against him. I think that by her trying not to be seen and not paying much attention to Buckley it causes him to actually see her.I believe that this quote will lead to connect to the characters throughout the story based on the fact that she hides herself from Buckley because she wants to protect him, but she wants to show herself to her father, when hes upset she wanted to be there and help him but she couldnt. As Susie states on page 46, It was then that, without knowing how, I revealed myself. In every piece of glass, in every shard and silver, I cast my face. She didnt mean for her dad to see her when he did. I think when she is not importation to be seen, that is when someone really does see her.But when she really wants to be there and help out the people she loves, she wont be seen. The quote of Susie revealing herself to her father also did state that she didnt know how she revealed herself. If this is possible, she may have revealed herself to Buckley without her knowing it either. I believe that the quote , had my brother really seen me somehow or was he merely a little boy telling beautiful lies? will proceed to connect to the story because Susie will continue to have herself revealed to the people on Earth without her knowing it, so long as she is still there watching everyone on it.

Statistics in Business Essay Example for Free

Statistics in Business EssayThe purpose of this see is to examine the purpose of statistics in task. Our text, Lind (2011) defines statistics as The science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting info to assist in make more effective findings (p.5). Types and levels of statisticsThere atomic number 18 two major types of statistics, descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics is defined by Lind (2011) as methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way (p.6). An example of descriptive statistics would be a mellow school report showing that it had 300 graduates in 1990 and 450 graduates on 1991. The information that they provided described the amount of graduates that they had for each year. Inferential statistics is defined by Lind (2011) as the methods used to estimate a property of a cosmos on the basis of a sample (p.7). If the same high school sent out a report showing the graduate tots for 1999- the pr esent to estimate the number of graduates that they would have for this school year, those statistics would be inferential because they are used to estimate future outcomes.There are four levels of statistical data nominal, ordinal, interval and balance. The nominal level deals with qualitative variables such as colors and blood types that can save be counted and classified. Ordinal data measurement is a variable rating system that ranks data concord to predetermined categories that have only relative values such as poor, middling, and good. Data can be ranked and ordered using this method. Interval data measurement adds to the ordered level by adding the peculiar(prenominal) of a consistently measured differential.A thermometer is an interval measurement tool. Differences in degrees of temperature are consistent in the midst of the level intervals. The last level of statistics is ratio-level data this is used for quantitative data recording. It builds upon the interval measur ement by adding that point 0 is meaningful and the ratio between two numbers is meaningful (p.13). Anexample of ratio level data would be weight. A scale is calibrated at 0 and is measured in increments of one pound or kilogram to determine a persons weigh or the difference of weigh between two individuals or products.The role of statistics in businessStatistics are the life line of a business. A business relies on good statistical data to determine its financial standing, intercommunicate future sales and projects, and to provide the management team with information to make sound business decisions. When we interpret at statistics in the business world we are primarily concerned with their bearing on profits, investments, hours worked, and wages. The decision making process is made easier by analyzing data to determine the best course of action or else of taking uneducated risks.An example of the importance of statistics in business would be forecasting. We recently hired speci al personnel based on historical data on first quarter sales and average call handle time of our phone staff. We took the archived data that showed how many calls were taken in our call center, the number of personnel on the phones, and the average time of each call. We used this historical information from the last three years to determine how many people we will need on the phones at any apt(p) time during first quarter. This data allowed us to be proactive in staffing and fund allocation to invite the needs of our customers and phone staff.ConclusionStatistics play a vital role in the business world. We are a smarter and more intuitive society of decision makers because of statistics. A business is more stable when the try work is taken out of the equation and replaced with data analysis that produces sound business decisions and planning.ReferencesLind, D., Marchal, W., Wathen, S. (2011). Basic statistics for business and economics (7th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

The Effect of Grammar Learning on Speaking Ability of Efl Learners Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Grammar instruction on Speaking Ability of Efl Learners EssayNowadays, one of the hottest issues in the field of foreign and second speech learning or teaching is how to converse fluently in the ass language. Generally speaking, most of the EFL learners accept that their knowledge in English is nearly assessed by the way they can interact in the target language. They maintain that their linguistic knowledge and their abilities in some other skillsreading, writing, and listeningare not that much important. What is noteworthy is their ability in conversational situations. Of course, this belief belongs to lay and ordinary people.Unfortunately, a majority of EFL teachers and instructors follow this compass point of view in a broader sense, too. These instructors declare that in learning English EFL learners do not put one across to be trained from the well-formed point of view. Now, the question is that is it really no relationship between the grammatical rul es and learning to communicate fluently in a foreign language? The linguistic knowledge in English consists of the ability to analyze and recognize the structural features and components in the language.These abilities are concerned with phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic issues. The build blocks of the communication are grammatical points which make the structure of a language. Before starting to speak many an(prenominal) factors and components must be formed in a persons mind. First, the sounds should be matched with each other to shape different words. Second, these words need to be united together to form phrases, clauses, and at snuff it sentences through which a particular meaning can be conveyed.Considering these facts, we can say that it is probably impractical to communicate in a foreign language without knowing the grammatical rules and structures of the target language. The focus of this report is to review the literature in order to find any possib le relationships between these two elements in the view of other researchers in this field of study. Also, at the end of this article, the opinions of a group of Iranian EFL learners allow for be presented about this issue to clarify the aim of our research better.