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Sunday, March 31, 2019

Health Essays Gender Health Disparities

wellness Essays grammatical sexuality Health Disparities handss Health hands Are far from being the Stronger Sex, they argon Actually the matedIntroduction Gender-based Health DisparitiesWhile the study of sexual urge in wellness has allowed for tre custodydous strides, there has been little benefit to advancing the understanding of custodys wellness (Habben, 2005). While the majority of amicable, political, legal, and religious systems favor work force, this favoritism has non served to rectify handss wellness status (Lantz, Fullerton Harshburger, 2001, p. 189). Generally, men suffer more life-threatening and inveterate illnesses such as sum of money and cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, certain tail endcers, and pulmonary emphysema (Lantz, Fullerton Harshburger, 2001, p. 189). Men have higher age-adjusted mortality rates for the 15 railsership ca affairs of death than do women (Williams 2003, p. 724). Furthermore, they have at least two clock higher death rates than women for suicide, homicide, accidents and cirrhosis of the liver (p. 724).The two track causes of death for men in the U.K. atomic number 18 circulatory disease (including heart disease and stroke) and cancer (NSO, 2004a). Numerous wellness statistics illustrate the growingd pic of men to certain illnesses. In 2001, al closely half of men were considered threatening comp bed to one-third of women (NSO, 2004b), men are twice as carely as women to exceed the daily benchmark for alcohol consumption (NSO 2004b), and life foretaste at birth is lower for antherals than for females at 75.7 vs. 80.4 years (NSO 2004c). In the joined States, men have a higher incidence of seven start of the ten most common infectious diseases, and three quarters of deaths from myocardial infarction occur in men (Courtenay, 2000, p. 1385). Cancer is a bloom example of the effects of male gender on wellness (Nicholas, 2000). Cancers of the larynx, oral cavity, pharynx, bladder , and liver occur highly disproportionately in men (Nicholas, 2000, p. 27). Further, men are more apparent to die from cancer than are women.biota vs. Gender SocializationDifferences in wellness between men and women are not merely biological, but alike entangle lifestyle differences and gender acculturation factors (Peate, 2004). Gender differences in health and longevity can be explained partly by health styles (Courtenay, 2000, p. 1386), and recent discussions of mens health have emphasize the importance of masculine gender parting socialization (e.g., Nicholas, 2000, p. 27). Mens concepts of maleness or masculinity guide their decisions almost accepted carriages. For example, risk-taking behaviors such as luxuriant alcohol or tobacco use are influenced by beliefs about masculinity (Nicholas, 2000, p. 28). The study of mens health goes beyond an emphasis on physiological structure and biological sex to implicate a broader analysis of social, cultural, and psychologica l issues pertaining to the traits, norms, stereotypes and roles associated with male gender (Brooks, 2001, p. 285). Men, in their quest to embody a good masculine role, whitethorn predispose themselves to psychological, emotional, and behavioral disorders (Brooks, 2001, p. 287).Gender whitethorn be defined as the expectations and behaviors that individuals learn about femininity and masculinity (Sabo, 2000, p. 133). Gender socialization influences health-risk behavior, mens perceptions of and use of their bodies, and their psychosocial adjustment to illness (Sabo, 2000, p. 133). While establishing his braveness or virility to others, a man who conforms rigidly to the masculine ideal by ignoring bruise and other illness symptoms is at increased risk of developing chronic diseases (Sabo, 2000, pp. 135-136).Beliefs about masculinity play a role in the health of men, and may lead them to engage in harmful behaviors or to give over from health-protective actions (Williams, 2003, p. 7 27). Male-like qualities such as individuality, autonomy, stoicism, and visible aggression, as well as dodging of showing emotion or displaying weakness may combine to lead to low-downer health in men (Williams, 2003, p. 726). In addition, gender roles can benefactor explain mens wavering to test health check care, their avoidance of expressing emotions, engagement in unsafe sexual behaviors, drug use, crime, and grievous sports (Lee Owens, 2002). Further, men may be more likely to identify themselves with their fix and to spend less clipping with family (Lee Owens, 2002).While men who are socialized to have more womanish attributes may be more likely to be aware of and come to about their health and health-compromising behaviors (Kaplan Marks, 1995), men who step outside the gender barrier may be perceived as deviant (Seymour-Smith, Wetherell Pheonix, 2002). Gender socialization may influence the extent to which boys adopt masculine behaviors. Boys are boost to play like other boys and discouraged from playing with or like girls. To do otherwise could lead to rejection. Parents often instill in boys that they are strong and that big boys dont cryideas which second form the boys personality. The masculinization at escape may make men have difficulty asking for aid (Peate, 2004). Society places great value on the stereotypical image of the male as strong and silent, contributing to the idea that men are strong (Fleming, Spiers, McElwee OGorman, 2001, p.337). While women value interdependence (e.g., consulting others and accepting help), men value license and avoid acknowledging a need for help (Lantz, Fullerton Harshburger, 2001, p. 190).Strict adherence to idealized masculinity may lead to a number of mental and physical health problems. This may be due not only to stark adherence to a rigid masculine role, but also to a sense of failure when men fail to live up to this role (Nicholas, 2000, p. 31). much(prenominal) failure may le ad to increased anxiety, psychological distress, suffering relationships, cardiovascular reactivity, anger, decreased self-esteem, and unwillingness to seek health work (p. 31).Risk-taking Men are more likely than women to engage in risky behaviors and to concord risky beliefs (Courtenay, McCreary Merighi 2002). They are more inclined than women to engage in behaviors that increase morbidity and mortality such as smoking and alcohol misdirect (Williams, 2003, p. 727). Men and boys are socially pressured to endorse gendered societal prescriptions such as beliefs that men are strong, independent, self-reliant, and tough (Courtenay, 2000, p. 1387).As a reflection of such gender stereotypes, men often exhibit risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, poor diet and exercise habits, drinking to excess, and overworking (Lantz et al., 2001, p. 191). While men tend to know less about health than women, they also perceive themselves as less vulnerable to illness than do women (Nicholas, 200 0, p. 29). As a result, men may be less aware of recommended screening and common symptoms of disease. much men than women smoke cigarettes and use excess alcohol. These behaviors often occur together, thereby increasing the incidence of oral and throat cancers (Nicholas, 2000, p. 28). Excess alcohol and tobacco use is a risk factor in 80% of cases of crack and neck cancers (p. 28).The causes of death that affect the most mencompared to womenare those most influenced by behavior or personal choice (e.g., suicide, homicide, accidents, and cirrhosis of the liver Habben, 2005). Alcohol and illegitimate drug plague are largely male problems in which the social reflexion of masculinity plays a significant role (Brooks, 2001, p. 290). Alcohol abuse is a major contributor to mortality from liver cirrhosis, accidents, suicide, and homicidethese being the intravenous feeding causes of death where men double the rate of women (Williams, 2003, p. 727). Further, men are more likely to bel ieve that high-risk behaviors will not impair their transaction (e.g., drinking and driving Williams, 2003, p. 727).Throughout life, men are at a higher risk of dying than are women. Lifestyle factors think to this include an increased likeliness of having accidents, having a dangerous occupation, and experiencing higher risks when at work (Peate, 2004). Men tend to underestimate the risks involved in physically dangerous activities and may feel that enduring physical punishment and pain are part of being male (Nicholas, 2000, p. 29). Men are more likely than women to work in hazardous occupations such as construction, agriculture, oil, transportation, and forestryoccupations that increase mens ikon to known carcinogens such as asbestos, benzene, chromium, and vinyl chloride (Nicholas, 2000, p. 28).In addition, risk-taking may include playing of dangerous sports (e.g., football or rugby), or engaging in high-risk sexual behavior. Taking risks confirms a mans masculinity to himsel f and to others. Further, gender is related to power, and the pursuit of power may lead men to engage in harmful behaviors (Courtenay, 2000, p. 1388). Behaviors such as refusing to take sick time kill from work, insisting that they need little sleep, and boasting that alcohol or drug use does not impair their driving serve to demonstrate the dominating norms of masculinity (Courtenay, 2000, p. 1389).Under-utilization of Health Care ServicesSince illness is seen as a threat to masculinity, men are less likely to seek help when ill (Fleming, et al., 2001, p. 337). This may be related to the male tendency to abate the expression of need and to minimize pain (Williams, 2003 p. 728). Men tend to strengthen social beliefs that they are less vulnerable than women, that their bodies are stronger than those of women, and that caring for ones health is feminine (Courtenay, 2000, p. 1389). In fact, utilization of health care and exhibiting positive health behaviors or beliefs are construct ed as part of idealized femininity, and must be resisted in the expression of masculinity (p. 1389). Mens reluctance to discuss personal concerns may extend into the patient- set upr relationship, where men may be less likely to amply report their health history and the exact details of their illness symptoms (Lantz, Fullerton Harshburger, 2001, p. 194).Men are less likely to engage in health behaviors such as inform symptoms, practicing health-promotion, and utilizing health care services (p. 189). Medical encounters also differ between male and female patients, with men receiving less time, less services, less information and advice, and less encouragement to change health behaviors (p. 728). Further, when men do receive care, they are less likely to adhere to their medical regimen (p. 728).The socially conditioned suppression of pain by men may lead to delayed help-seeking (Brownhill, Wilhelm, Barclay Parker, 2002). Gender socialization may be responsible for the fact that men value more concrete quite than abstract information (Lantz et al., 2001, p. 194). Thus, men may be more likely to ignore vague somatic symptoms and to wait for more concrete signs of disease, thereby delaying treatment until the more advanced stages of disease (p. 194). Often, when men seek care, their disease process is more advancedleading to higher morbidity and mortality (Lantz et al., 2001, p. 191). While women are more likely to seek care for symptoms, men generally seek medical care for employment or insurance reasons (p. 191). Delaying medical hindrance leads to a state of urgency once assistance is finally want (p. 191). In men, emotional distress in men may be masked by outward symptoms such as chest pain, talk over self-harm, drug or alcohol abuse (Brownhill et al., 2002).Further, men expect health care professionals to be able to read their signs and symptoms without themselves having to disclose anything (Brownhill, et al., 2002). Other reasons for mens relucta nce to seek health care may include a escape of understanding of making appointments, inconvenient opening hours, long waits for appointments, lack of trust, and attention of being judged. Men may feel social pressure to not reveal any weakness that may lessen their masculinity, and thus may not seek care. Solutions might include providing services that men can access anonymously (e.g., via the internet or telephone help-lines), and extending opening hours of services to include evenings and weekends.Conclusion Possible Solutions for improving Mens HealthHealth educators and advocates for mens health should encourage men to consider the effects of gender on health behaviors and outcomes (Sabo, 2000, p. 139). Health education for men should address enhancing mens awareness that some of the culturally supported masculinity norms can lead to health-damaging behaviors (Williams, 2003, p. 730). Williams suggests that the meaning of manhood ineluctably to be re-defined in a more positi ve way along with changes in cultural institutions and social structures, thus reinforcing positive health behaviors in men (Williams, 2003, p. 730). Modification of health behaviors may be one of the most effective ways of preventing disease (Courtenay, 2000, p. 1386).One solution could be to provide earlier socialization of boys and young men that health promoting behavior is positive, that reporting health concerns is not a sign of weakness, and that better health encourages a more positive self-image (Lantz, Fullerton Harshburger, 2001, p. 195). The development of the male gender role should tenseness less upon the roles of protector and provider, and should emphasize more greatly mens abilities as caregivers and nurturers (Brooks, 2001, p. 293). Such emphasis would enhance the presence of nurturance, attachment, and intimacy in the social construction of masculinity.ReferencesBrooks, G. (2001). Masculinity and mens mental health. diary of American College Health, 49 285-297. Brownhill, S., Wilhelm, K., Barclay, L., and Parker, G. (2002). Detecting notion in men A matter of guesswork. International Journal of Mens Health, 1 259-80. Courtenay, W. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on mens well-being a theory of gender and health. Social Science Medicine, 50 1385-1401. Courtenay, W., McCreary, D., and Merighi, J. (2002). Gender and ethnic differences in health beliefs and behaviors. Journal of Health Psychology, 7 219-31. Fleming, P., Spiers, A., Mc Elwee, G. and OGorman, M. (2001). Mens perceptions of health education methods use in promoting their health in relation to cancer. The International Electronic Journal of Health Education, 4 337-344. Habben, C. (2005). Mens health in primary care emerging applications for psychologists. In James, L. and Folen, R. (Eds.) The primary care consultant The next frontier for psychologists in hospitals and clinics, pp. 257-265. Kaplan, M. and Marks, G. (1995). Appraisal of health risks The roles of masculinity, femininity, and sex. Sociology of Health and Illness, 17 206-21. Lantz, J., Fullerton, J. and Harshburger, R. (2001). Promoting screening and early perception of cancer in men. Nursing and Health Sciences, 3 189-196. Lee, C. and Owens, R. (2002). Issues for a psychological science of mens health. Journal of Health Psychology, 7 209-357. Nicholas, D. (2000). Men, masculinity, and cancer Risk-factor behaviors, early detection, and psychosocial adaptation. Journal of American College Health, 49 27-33. NSO (2004a). National Statistics Gender Health Women Live almost 5 years longer than men. National Statistics Online. Retrieved from the sphere Wide network on 23 March, 2005 at http//www.statistics.gov/uk/cci/nugget_print.asp?ID=438 NSO (2004b). National statistics Gender Health related behavior More overweight men than women. National Statistics Online. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 23 March, 2005 at http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget_print.asp?ID=439 NSO (2004c). National statistics Health Health antepast Living longer, more years in poor health. National Statistics Online. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 23 March, 2005 at http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget_print.asp?ID=918 Peate, L. (2004). Mens attitudes towards health and the implications for nursing care. British Journal of Nursing, 13 13-26. Sabo, D. (2000). Mens health studies Origins and trends. Journal of American College Health, 49 133-142. Seymour-Smith, S., Wetherell, M., and Pheonix, A. (2002). My wife ordered me to come A discursive analysis of doctors and nurses accounts of mens use of general practitioners. Journal of Health Psychology, 7 253-67. Williams, D. (2003). The health of men coordinate inequalities and opportunities. Public Health Matters, 93 724-31.

Saturday, March 30, 2019

The concerns of Water Pollution In Africa

The concerns of Water Pollution In AfricaWater pollution has become a serious problem in e genuinely country in the world. Urban harvest, climate change, growing masses, investments in agriculture, industrial development, and economic ontogenesis have increased the demand for wet. ingrained and manmade disasters have increased pollution guesss in to geezerhood environment. Contamination of land, air and pee is challenging the health of humans, plants, animals and other biography organisms. Governments worldwide atomic number 18 burthen with mounting healthcare costs which is diverting investment capital out from economic development public sector projects.The report will handle issues on weewee pollution problems which countries in the African continent are facing. point of references of piss pollution, water contamination impacts on health, environmental damages, and strategies necessary for trim or eliminating water pollution would be discussed. I. WATER SUPPLY IN AFRICA a. Water Supply and Water Demand i. Supply Source rainfallAverage annual rainfall in southwesterly Africa is recorded to be 450 mm per year. Rainfall varies amidst one location to another in South Africa some regions receiving heavy rainfall and others recording low come up of rainfall. For example, people living along the coastal regions to the west of South Africa adore an annual average rainfall of 1000 mm. only regions in the unification west receive very poor annual rainfall at less than 100 mm as reported by the joined Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2006. Rivers which are seasonal in nature have water only during the rainy seasons and they tarry dry most times end-to-end the year. The seasonal rivers during rainy days produce excess flow of water. The government of South Africa stores water in dams to meet the supplement needs for drinking, industrial and agricultural needs throughout the year. South Africa is divided i nto following nine administrative provinces (12-86) (Markus Trnqvist and Bjrn fverstrm, alcoholism water depict in Southern Africa with a risk assessment perspective.) Eastern Cape Free State Gautang Kwa Zulu Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga Union Cape SouthwestProvince Western CapeThe average annual rainfall varies between one province and another. Information listed in Figure-3 illustrates annual rainfall in South Africas provinces as follows (12-86) (Markus Trnqvist and Bjrn fverstrm, Drinking water supply in Southern Africa with a risk assessment perspective.)ii. Demand Source PopulationAccording to published data by the UNESCO in 2006, South Africas total population is listed to be around 48 million. It is estimated that 59% of the population live in the urban community dwellings. Northern Cap which is the largest administrative province is reported to over 28 million people living in the area which accounts for 37% of South Africas boilers suit national population. due to rapid economic growth and development, urbanization is fast growing with more than and more people moving to metropolitan commercial centers in look for of jobs or livelihood. Migration of people from rural areas to urban cities have triggered massive growth in cities businesses, industries, infrastructures, civil defense, internal security, hospitals, and educational institutions etc. As a result of this there informal settlements have rapidly grown in and around commercial centers within the South Africas administrative provinces. All these growth and development have made water supply management very challenging. Millions of inhabitants living in various cities in each of the nine administrative provinces do not have adequate supply of water. Drainage and sanitisation network are overstrained and inadequate to serve the communitys need. in these communities have not access to proper water and sanitation infrastructure. People living in the rural areas wholly depend on stainwater to fulfill or run into their needs for water. In South Africa, 19% of people in the general population do not have access to safe water and over 33% people do not have the stripped-down necessity for basic sanitation services. Over 50 million people in 1994 had suffered miserably without any water supply services. People had no choice except to meet their water demands from rivers, lakes, springs and ponds. Due to the concentrated and centre efforts by the government of South Africa in resource management efficiencies, overall number of people who did not have any water supply during 1994-2004 had dropped to by approximately 40 million (14-86). (Markus Trnqvist and Bjrn fverstrm, Drinking water supply in Southern Africa with a risk assessment perspective.) b. Water Pollution i. Mining Water Pollution Johannesburg which is the largest city in South Africa is on the brink of environmental disaster. There is no mining and recovery process going on in several mines in the area and as a result of this most of these mines today prevail closed. Unfortunately toxic water which is flowing out of these mines pollute and infect both surface and groundwater. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) indicates entrapment of toxic water exists in the mines and when the toxic water flows out in a menstruation it contaminates entire water resources surface water and ground water. Closed mines in Witwatersrand, South Africa stretches from Roodepoort to Boksburg (1-5). (Admin, Sinking Solutions for Mining Water Pollution.)Digging for minerals for years blank out big gapping tunnels and hole in the mine. During the mining operation water which collects from ground seepage are pumped out to allow miners to perform their tasks. But when mining operation is suspended for commercial non-viability, water is collected wrong and fills-up tunnels and holes deep inside. These water becomes highly contaminated by getting miscellaneous with heavy metal particles from inside the mine. Overflowin g toxic mine water becomes dangerous to the environment and contaminates rivers, ponds, lakes and springs along its flow path. Toxic water endangers humans, plants, animals, birds, oceanic life and the ecosystem with serious healthcare challenges (1-5). (Admin, Sinking Solutions for Mining Water Pollution.)

The Joys Of Motherhood, Buchi Emecheta

The Joys Of M otherhood, Buchi EmechetaDuring the colonization process, m each changes hurl occurred in Africa and the indigenous populations were laboured to adopt and adhere to the westerly values and careerstyle. The effects were felt on all levels of orderliness and in her bleak-sprung(prenominal)(a) The Joys of Motherhood Buchi Emecheta highlights the consequences of this confrontation on a tralatitiousistic Igbo adult female, Nnu self-importance. It is show at the very beginning of the clean that fertility is a causal concomitantor factor of a charwo military mans shoes and dis dapple. This banner accomplished by this patriarchal nightclub is anchored in Nnu egotism and she does non know how to be self-fulfilled other than the cult domesticity. However, with the changes that occurred in her society, the joys and final payments of motherhood that she want for a longtime sire been compromised.This extended essay thus investigates the collision of th e clash of market-gardenings on Nnu self-importance. To do so, I front tryd the pip of wo men during the pre- colonial Nigeria in order to underline the differences during the colonial time. Then, I analyzed the two primary(prenominal) conflicts of the novel which are the protagonists struggle for self-realization and her dilemma among larn the colonial lifestyle and clinging to her traditional values.After this investigation, I came to the conclusion that the calamity in the story of Nnu Ego is that her imprisonment in tradition prevented her to disclose and embrace the changes that occurred before her. Emechetas novel is thus both a brush up of colonization and the button-down nature of the Igbo tradition that prevents women to emancipate and build a better future day.IntroductionEuropean colonization in Africa has had both well-situated and unfavor qualified consequences as far as it has destabilized and controlled the indigenous ruling ashess time reading mode rnization to the continent. This nonion of modernity is however just as problematic because it represents an antagonism to the traditional African values which resulted in an fatal clash debate tradition to modernity. The confusions and struggles raised from this conflict are dealt in different ways and as regards African women they are confronted, until now, to hindrances in the cultural, scotch as well as the political side. Indeed, in most of African cultures, women are victims of mastery within their society because the opposite gender overpowers and retrains them in their development by dictating their thoughts, behavior and decisions.Buchi Emecheta is genius of the first African women novelists to spread over the issue of the conditions of women and their battle for self-realisation and emancipation. In her novel, The Joys of Motherhood, she explores the positive and detrimental effects of modernization on women as well as their imprisonment between tradition and cha nge. Through the story of Nnu Ego, the protagonist, she withal shows how the inflexible traditions discriminate women who are regarded as mens property, producers of electric razorren and are placed in atomic number 42 position on the social pyramid.In order to understand the impact of Nigerias confrontation with western world on women, the following essay go away first educate a look at the situation of women during the pre-colonial and colonial Nigeria. Then, it will examine the struggles of Nnu Ego for self-fulfillment and emancipation and finally, her dilemma between assimilating the colonial lifestyle and clinging to her tradition.The clash of cultures in The joys of Motherhood and its impact on Nnu EgoThe downfall of African women from a position of power happened during the process of colonization. anterior that, societal roles were equal and there was a complementarity between the roles played by each gender. For instance, they even switched roles and women were allow ed to work in the agricultural field. In addition to that, women did not lone(prenominal) work in pairs with their male counterparts solely they were too respected and sometimes worshiped. Most men bid Agbadi, a noted chief and the stimulate of the protagonist, preferred a woman who was troublesome and impetuous, who had the brass to fight with her man before letting him have her (p.21). Ona, the mother of nongonococcal urethritis Ego represented that type of women and was interpret as a strong, uncompromising and highly respected character. She leaned as queen sister, a chief and was an extravagance to the novel women in her village because showed the men that she was just as herculean as them.However, during the colonial era, the traditional rules concerning women were rigidified, which led to the devaluation of female roles and stead. Indeed, by introducing capitalism as a new economic system and Christianity as a new spiritual doctrine, the English colonizers have indirectly modified the roles and status of the genders in Nigeria. In modern and capitalist societies, property is a determinant factor of ones status and women have gradually been excluded from trading or any paid work. This resulted in uplifting the status of men and diminishing the status of women whose only roles now were to maintain the household and carry babyren. As shown in the book, these changes have also affected the vision men had of women because in Agbadis young days, a woman who gave in to a man without first conflict for her honor was never respected. To regard a woman who is quiet and shy as desirable was something that came after his time, with Christianity and other changes (p.10). Thus, considering the fact that men conjoin women who could claim to be helpless without them (p.36), women were forced to comply with the new standards. smashed minded women like Ona gradually disappeared and women who used to be equally treated in her time were now considered as to a greater extent vulnerable and weaker than men. By introducing her novel with a short description of Onas life, Buchi Emechetas purpose was to show that the subordination of women is a result of a change in beliefs which gradually anchored in the Igbo tradition. It moreover helps the reader to understand the contrast between Ona and Nnu Ego and gives an cortical potential on Nnu Egos struggles.Buchi Emecheta evokes in her novel two elements which represent an obstacle to Nnu Egos self-fulfillment which are the relationship between men and women and children. The protagonist lives in a mans world in which women must prove that there are undecomposed missys and then good wives in order to gain respect. As an example, when her father arranged a second marriage for her, Nnu Ego did not sanction of her new preserve, Nnaife, because he was physically different to the men in her village, Ibuza. However, she precious to prove to herself, to Agbadi and to her society that she wa snt barren still a complete woman. She would have or else died in this town called Lagos than go back home and say Father, I just do not like the man you have chosen for me (p.44). She gradually learned to respect this man and piece up with his crude(a) ways and ugly appearance (p.44) because he fulfilled her aspiration which was to have a child. Yet, with the other pregnancies, their relationship degraded because Nnu Ego deep in thought(p) all respect for her save. She was not given plenteous housekeeping money because her husband, Nnaife, dog-tired most of the money on his drink and the children were starving. She then realized thatshe was a prisoner, imprisoned by her love for her children, imprisoned in her role as the superior wife. She was not even expected to demand more money for her family that was considered below the standard expected of a woman in her position. It was not fair, she felt the way men cleverly used a womans star of responsibility to actually ens lave her (p.137).It is shown trough this excerpt that in a partner off, the woman must be worthy and accept her fate without complaining. If she fails in doing so, not only will she be branded as a bad and not respectful wife but she would also bring the shame over her family. As Nnu Ego said it, she is imprisoned in a code of conduct established by her patriarchal society which preaches submission. As a result, the man takes all the decisions and as regards the protagonists husband, he is depicted as a selfish man who spends his money without taking into stipulation the needs of his family. She was consequently powerless and when Nnaife returned from war with a big event he gained the fear and respect of Nnu Ego. He could even afford to throw her up if she went beyond the limits he could stand (p117). This demonstrates on one come near that money and violence are the primary sources of power for men. On the other hand it testifies that the submissive image of women to which N nu Ego must comply represents an obstacle for her emancipation and self-fulfillment. This code of conduct oblige on women is also obligated for the fact that a womans voice was seldom taken into consideration as regards the important decisions. For an example, when her husband was at war, Nnu Ego gave birth to a child to whom she did not attribute a name before the return of her husband. She was panic-stricken of world regarded as overcivilised woman who chose the names her children by herself, just because her husband was fighting in the war(p.155). Stated differently, endemic sexism, patriarchal attitudes, and the force of fulgurous tradition bond African men in a hegemonic system that nourishes and protects their interest . This can also be bump inton through the two bigamous marriages undergone by Nnu Ego. In the first one, she was unable to produce a child and lost her position as a senior wife. Yet, the major function of a wife in her culture is to rotate children. Wom en just like men, grant much importance to the fertility of a woman because it is the only way to gain respect from the community. The marriage is only truly reinforced with the birth of a child, particularly a boy who will be the heir and the support of the family. The Igbo woman is thus subjected to a lot of jam during the first years of the marriage because her reputation is concerned. Childless marriages are rarely recognized because when a woman is virtuous, it is easy for her to conceive (p.31). Nnu Ego is a very emotional character and her barrenness only accentuated her unstable convey of mind which manifested through undying tears of frustration and hopelessness (p.32). This situation drove her husband to become polygamous which also undermined her self-confidence. Few had detect that it was bad for her morale to hear her husband give pleasure to other(prenominal) woman in the same courtyard where she slept (p. 21). In the end, the fact that she remained childless for two years led to the disintegration of her marriage.In the second marriage, she succeeded in having eight children but it did not prevent her husband from looking for a second woman. Nnu Ego and her co-wife were complete opposite and she hated this type of woman, who would caress a man, depend on him, need him (p.118). Nnu Ego was compared to a grabby cat because she could not understand why her husband bought a new wife especially when they were living in such terrible conditions. She move to control her notionings, to be sophisticated just like she had been taught but the injury of the situation revolted her. She withdrew in herself but was forced to behave properly. She had to be wakeful if she did not want her sons future wives to say but your mother was incessantly jealous whenever her husband brought a young wife (p.185). Polygamy is in the book other mean for men to control women. Nnu Ego had the feeling she was given more power as a senior wife but in fact, she was im prisoned in her role and her love for her children forbad her from reacting indecently. Moreover, as a senior wife, Nnu Ego was force to follow some standards which restrain her in self-expression. Indeed, when her husband was enlisted against his will to fight with the English during the Second World War, she and her co-wife were terrified. Howeverher culture did not permit her to give in to her fears. She was supposed to be strong, organism the senior wife, to behave more like a man than a woman. As men were not permitted open grief, she had to learn to hide hers as well. She heard Adaku crying, and she envied her freedom (p.140).The effect achieve by Emecheta was to show that a traditional woman like Nnu Ego is forced to abide to traditional customs, values or beliefs in order to feel fulfilled. If she doesnt she runs the risk of being denied by her husband, classified among bad women and at the same time, compromising her childrens reputation and future.Children thus play an imp ortant role in the sense of womens acquisition and represent another element which empowers Nnu Ego. Her only goal throughout the novel was to have children and raise them properly since she had been brought up to believe that children do a woman. (p.219) A child is part of a womans identity and the only sign of hope, success and self-fulfillment for women. This vision of femininity and motherhood established by her culture was the main cause of Nnu Egos failed suicide attempt. When her first child died, Nnu Ego was desperate, in grief and fell into depression. on the whole women agreed that a woman without a child for her husband was a failed woman (p.62). She was brought to grok herself as a failure and even her closest associates where comforting her husband quite an than her. They said to Nnaife who felt guilty you are to give her children and food, she is to cook and bear the children and look them. A woman may be ugly and kindle old, but a man is never ugly and never o ld. He matures with age and is dignified (p.71). This disparaging declaration clearly illustrates the image of women and men in the Igbo society. In all cases, the woman is to blame and this has a negative impact on emotional and unstable characters such as Nnu Ego. It could have been fatal but she was determined to refute the fact that she was a failed woman. She ultimately gave birth to several children and it is from this moment that she drastically evolved. The financial situation of the couple did not allow them to feed correctly the children and her vision of motherhood began to change. She compared her life to her colleagues who worked and had few children and she regretted having so many children. Her children suffered from malnutrition yet all because she was the mother of threesome sons, she was supposed to be happy in her poverty, in her cramped means (p.167). She became self-aware that being a mother did not only tramp around having many children but also close to r aising them properly. She wasnt able to put all the eight of them in good conditions so she put all her hope into her eldest son. Before, her refrain used to be All will be well when Nnaife returns from war. Now it was All will be well when Oshia returns from college(p.190). She believed that with rewards of motherhood, she will acquire a higher social status and that he will feed her in her old age and will wipe the tears of shame.In addition to struggling for self-fulfillment, Nnu Ego also struggled between assimilating the colonial lifestyle and sticking to her tradition when she made the transition from a rural world to a modern life. This constitutes another major external conflict of the novel because Nnu Ego was living in a society whose mode of thought and behavior were evolving age she remained hard attached in traditions. For example, Buchi Emecheta painted a vivid picture of the strict gender division among the Igbo society in her novel. The father instructs his son ab out how to manage a house, protect the women and introduces him to the rites and traditional meetings. In contrast, the young girls occupation is only to help in the house holding. She is firmly taught that her life stringently concentrates on the marriage, having children and cook for her husband. Through this informal education, the young boys are influenced to perceive themselves as higher, better and more important than women whereas the young girls are educated to see themselves as a complement of men. They are also taught to be submissive by bending to the mens requests and desires. As a result, men on with women accept their gender roles as a matter of fact. However, since Lagos is rapidly evolving and lean towards modernization, the daughter of Nnu Ego, Kehinde doesnt understand why she and her sisters have to stay home while her brothers get the chance to study. But you are girls They are boys. You have to care to put them in a good position in life, so that they will be able to look after the family. When you husbands are smashed to you, they will defend you (p.176) is the answer given to Kehinde from her mother. This shows that Nnu Ego is still hampered in her tradition while her daughters mentality is changing. This difference of opinion between Nnu Ego and her daughter foreshadowed another major conflict at the novel opposing Kehinde to her parents.However, Nnu Ego eventually rebelled and decided to break the chains of tradition because she could not see her children suffer anymore. In fact, there is an old and Igbo sacred facial expression which stipulates that women and money are incompatible and if you spent all your time qualification money and getting rich, the gods wouldnt give you any children if you wanted children, you had to forget about money, and be content to be poor. (p.80). nongonococcal urethritis Ego decided during her second pregnancy to abandon her trading works because she firmly believed that it was because she didn t follow the rules that she lost her first child. However, two years later, the family was very poor because Nnaifes incomes were not enough to satisfy their needs. Nnu Egos internal conflict plunged her during a long period of self-distrust and dilemma because she wanted to put her two children in better conditions but was afraid to lose the other child she was carrying. She eventually decided to grumpy the line which made her benefit from a true control over the household expenses. The effect achieve by Buchi Emecheta was to show that to be independent, women must initially have some financial freedom. Contrary to her counterparts in Ibuza, Ngu Ego did not completely depend on her husband anymore. It represented on one hand the first sign of revolt and rejection of traditional beliefs. On the other hand, it was a major step for her emancipation and self-fulfillment because she was able to raise her voice. She discovered her power as mother, a woman and a worker.Nevertheless, the fact that Nnu Ego was being more independent did not help her to reach her goal. On the opposite, even if she sacrificed all her money, time and animation on the education of her children, her love and duty for her children were like her chain of thraldom (p.186). Emecheta compares Nnu Egos life to a slave in order to emphasize the fact her success will be determined by the success of her children. She strove throughout the whole story to send her boys to school so that they will be member of the new Nigerian elite and tried to raise her daughter agree to the traditional model. Such devotion should have helped her to reach her goals but it was not the case because by the time her children grew up the values of her peck have changed considerably while she stood firm to her tradition. Nnu Ego refused to adapt to the new mentalities and beliefs and this resulted in a series of disagreements with her children and a series of failure. In the first place, when her eldest son won a sc holarship to study in Canada, her husband was firmly opposed to this idea. In the Igbo culture, when the father reaches a certain age, the eldest son must take over the whole family. However, Oshias dream was to get a higher level of education and this resulted in an irrevocable quarrel. In the end, Oshia was denied by his father and Nnu Ego was blamed for not transport well her children. From this moment, Nnaife started to refer to the children as Nnu Egos and she was becoming fed up of this two-party standard. When the children were good, the belonged to the father when they were bad, they belonged to the mother (p.206). It is the same with her daughter who married a man from another tribe. This is considered as the worst act of betrayal and Nnu Ego plunged into despair. She did not understand where she failed and Emechata thus symbolizes Nnu Ego as the danger of resisting change. The heroine was so hampered by tradition which make it looks like women must aspire for children o r die(p.187). The conservative side of tradition prevented her from seeing the change around her and its impact on her childrens education.This means that the title of the book, The Joys of Motherhood, is thus ironic and a double-edged sword. On one hand, Nnu Egos cup of happiness was almost full because she was pleased to see her children happy. She was very proud of the fact that she brought up her children even if the road was strewed with difficulties. Her reward was also in the fact that those same children might rub shoulders one day with the great men of Nigeria (p.202). On the other hand, she died alone with a husband who denied her, no child to hold her hand and no friend to talk to her(p.224). Throughout this journey, Nnu Ego has matured and realized that until women keep subscribing to the laws imposed by men, they will be powerless, dominated and unfulfilled. She finally understands that if she failed to live according to the standards expected of her it is because she w as a prisoner of traditional values and customs in a modern world.ConclusionAs shown in this essay, the patriarchal society in which Nnu Ego lived has established the standards for female valorization. A woman has no identity of her own as far as it is the status and the position of their husbands that defines them. Through the journey of Nnu Ego, Buchi Emecheta shows that the influence of the tradition is highly responsible of the Igbo womens situation because it has on one hand, determined the boundaries between the genders and one the other hand, established standards to which women must follow in order to gain respect and to feel fulfilled. However, colonization has eroded the Igbo traditions which made Nnu Egos life a journey of endless struggles.As a result, the novel is not only a reflection of tradition as regards womens emancipation and self-realization. It is also about a prototype of resisting change and it encourages women to fight for gender equality. Nnu Egos self-ex amination over her successes and failures conveys a omnipotent message. Indeed, women subscribe to the traditional customs and laws more than men and until they revolutionize this, they will not be able to build a better future for the upcoming generations.

Friday, March 29, 2019

The Leadership Of Sonia Gandhi

The drawship Of Sonia Gandhi leadership is an influencing process betwixt the dra lureg card and the followers which discharge be achieved by cheek objectives through with(predicate) change. There is no universal definition for a Leadership, it is complex it can be studied in different situation. For this assignment I puddle chosen a Sonia Gandhi as my dra winningsg card,The world known as Sonia Gandhi innate(p) on 9th December1946 as an Edvige Antonia Albina Maino at Lusiana,Italy and grew up as older lady friend of her p argonnts. She live a normal life in a Lusiana in roman catholic family and attended a catholic school (BBC News, 20091).Her level started when their p arents send her for study English at the Bell educational organized religion language school in the city of Cambridge where she meet Rajiv Gandhi in a Greek restaurant in 1965 (Glen Owen and Nick Meo, 20048), where she was hiting and they fall in love at first sight. Rajiv Gandhi was enrolled as an engineeri ng student at Trinity College at university of Cambridge. harmonise to Peter Popham, 19994, against her father objection she went to India and got get hitched with in 1968 and move to her mother-in-law house Indira Gandhi who was consider as The First brothel keeper in India. As her keep up does non have any famish for the political relation except the accidental killing of his brother sucked into the politics in the year 1980 and the killing of his mother bring him in the steepest portion in 1984. Sonia Gandhi never wanted her husband in the politics still the twisting bring Rajiv in the politics, the rea parole for her oppose was that she affrights that her husband lead be killed identical her mother had been. The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 stays her away from the politics in spite of so some(prenominal) requests from the carnal knowledge caller member. consort to Christopher Thomas, 19917, afterward her husband finis in 1991 she do her ego away fro m the Indian politics only if in spite of request by the intercourse attraction she refuse to stay away from the Indian politics. The request of the fellowship member to join Sonia Gandhi to coition was as they believe that she can fun the office staff on the base of sympathy, and the companionship will plaster her name to get the sympathy vote from the citizenry of India. According to Christopher Thomas, 19918 her husband was not also a natural politician, nevertheless a polite, shy temper but acts he was a reluctant touch barer for his troupe and after his death his wife Sonia Gandhi was offered that touch to enlightens who never have any pursual in politics nor attempted to act as a join any political force plays. According to Daniel Lak, 19985 Sonia Gandhi joined congress companionship in 1998 be seduce the unity was under threat and the resignation from many of the senior congress attractions from the past years. She started her political career in 1998 from the same home where her husband was killed Sriperumbudur a palace near Tamil Nadu ( direct Chennai) in India. According to Peter Phoham, 20046 during her maiden speech in 1999 preference she read stunned her speech part in English and party in Hindi .The resource was smutty for the congress party not ascrib satisfactory to the lackluster new leader but due to the congress worn appear its image due to the corruption scandals, sharing of power internally and too arrogant to care the power with the smaller parties in the past which results again lost for congress party in the general election 1999 ,(Associated Press,199910).Some of the senior member blaming her Italian origin for nonpareil of the cause of party defeat in the election of 1999,a uprising situation within her party. afterwards the defeat of 1999 general election and the rebellion against her in her party boost her and she was listening of her inner voice. Her future(a) planning was to restore the unity and har mony in the party, she started operateing strategically with the party member for the next election and the entry of her son in the politics boosts her strength. She never thinks to flex a outpouring take care but to strength the inner structure of the party. (Luke Harding, 20009) the entry of Sonia Gandhi and the defeat of congress party in 1999 election critics Sonia Gandhi leaders qualities, many of the party member do not have a trust on the new leader and they alliances with the rival party. They believe that she might imitate exchange subject Indira Gandhi which was consider as an authoritarian carriage of leading. According to Mark Ellis, 200424 During the 2004 Election her tireless canvassing and due to her believe in her party attract crowds toward herself campaigning on the basic issue of water, electricity and sanitary and also made herself democratic service of process to win the general election of 2004, according to Stephen khan, 200412 she turn exhaust fro m the post of first lady after a tremendous win on the general election of 2004 and in spite of the requested by the party member she leave side the thrown ,after congress party selected Dr. Manmohan Singh as a Prime Minister of India in 2004.According to Michael Sheridan,200525 Dr. Manmohan Singh is a hopeful economic reformer but the actual secure was in the kick the bucket of Sonia Gandhi, Mr. Singh plan to open the Indian rigid economy but the reserve button in the hand of stalwarts Sonia Gandhi. Mr. Singh Proposed privatization but she vetoed them, there are about rivalries but both communicate with each other with complete understanding. Now her target was to win the general election of 2009, This time she introduce so many grandstand outline for the poor citizenry which includes the debt waiver for cardinal million poor farmers, a massive gambol creation scheme for the rural unemployed peoples, According to Jeremy Page, 200826 the 225 million pound project of railwa y carriage which can generate a ten thousand job opportunities for the rural peoples. The congress was talking about the welfare for the poor people but UPA Government led by Sonia Gandhi and the Mr. Singh also was watching the lump rose. In the Year 2008 the inflation has rose to 7.8 % it was the major alarm for the government. The fill-in Bank of India has a comfort level of 5 % (fiscal Times, 200827) the solution for this is not lies on the short line m adepttary policies but for the long enclosure promote for agriculture productivities, energy efficiencies and the restructure for the transport systems, meantime coition under the leadership of Sonia Gandhi to stop their rival opposition BJP party not to gain momentum. After above all analyses the situation the question arises that what is her leadership capabilities to stay in so long in a power and managed to be the most powerful women of the world at Forbes 2009 list. (Heidi Brown, 200931)Key Capabilities of Sonia GandhiIn order to canvass the key capabilities of Sonia Gandhi, we need to analyze how effective she is? In order to answer this question we need to find the key capabilities which made her effective leader from 1999 onwards in Indian politics. According to Len Sperry, 2002 28 in effect(p) leaders are those which are more concern for the needs of their organization and their community beyond their own needs. They are more concern for match soulfulnessal mystifyment for their follower and themselves. According to Kouzes and Posner, 200729 a exemplary leader are those which clarify the values, set examples, leads by example, envision the future, search for opportunities, sample and take risk, work the climate of trust, strengths their followers, recognize contributions and celebrate the values and victories. They create the climate to turn opportunities into success. According to Fielder and Chemers,197430 analyze the performance of a leader in the situations in which they lead.They de velop a frame work based on contingency theory in which leadership personal manner are described as task motivated those concern with range a goal and Relationship Motivated those concern with developing closing interpersonal relationship. According to Christopher Early and Elaine Mosakowski, 2004, analyze the cultural intelligence in which a person understand the other person culture and afterwards adjust accordingly. There are three sources for it cognitive, physical, and emotional. The person those are motivated, zippy toward the problems and poised to understand can able to attain the acceptable ethnical intelligent.Now I am going to analyze the strength and the weakness of Sonia GandhiLeadership Strength of Sonia GandhiSonia Gandhi definitely a transactional leader style, when she joins the congress party there was lack of leadership.Ability to Learn from her mistake, the major defeat by their opposition in election of 1999 thats allow her to learn her mistakes and help her party members to win the general election in 2004 and 2009.The Mistake which she meet in the electoral of 1999 by standing herself as a pinnacle minister candidates in an anti Hindi nationalist.(Ray Marceleno,200311)Sonia Gandhi is a Christian and to succeed Hindu dominated earth like India she response with circumspection and cunning by pilgrimage to Hindu sites.(The Independent, The (London, England)/ monetary Times,19992)Power and Position is not the acquire for her. After the astonishing victory in 2004,she turn overpower as a prime minister.(Stephen Khan,200412)Sonia Gandhi is more courageous Torchbearer in the Nehru dynasty. Build the party Image, after astonishing Victory twice in Indian fib she is indirectly serving the outlandish. (James Lamount, 200913).Sonia Gandhi was the architecture for the congress party help to win the election in 2004.She motivates demoralized party into a compiling preparation and defeats the Hindu nationalist party in the general elec tion.(James Lamont,200814)She has a healthy Communication skills, a person mould herself from Italian origin to Indian land is one of the difficult task, as meeting with a people in village where Hindi is the only source of language and she work on her language skills and win the election twice.She has a good negotiating skills, After the general election of 2004,she negotiated with the layperson parties in order to conciliate the secular front to successfully formed the government.(Irish Times,200415)She has very hard functional person, her tireless Champaign in the sweltering heat for her party, and the wining in the election proves that she is not a handicap in spite of others believe in her Italian Heritage.(David Orr,200419)The selection of Dr.Manmohan Singh for the second time in 2009 as a prime minister candidate without any internal debates indicate her strength for power and control over the government.( economist scholarship Unit Views equip News abbreviation (Englan d),200817.Leadership Weakness of Sonia GandhiThe is so many instance of Sonia Gandhi leadership weaknesses, one of the instance is that the entry of his son Rahul Gandhi in the Indian politics at one side he is a strength for her but on the other it create a feeling of nepotism which is a leadership weakness and all the party member is treating him as a future prime minister.Some time power and position control by others deliver so many wrong decision, She refuses the prime minister seat and entrap in localise a her behest Dr.Manmohan Singh to the prime minister seat but indirectly controlling all the decision for the prime minister post. The atomic charter between Indian and America is one of the good examples for this. (Economic Intelligence unit View wire News Analysis (England), 200716)The turn down from the prime minister post also indicate her weakness of fear to get assassinate, The mother in law and her husband those assassinated during their highest office in India. T he fear to get assignation might be one of the reason to get down from the post of Prime minister.(Newsletter (Belfast, Northern Ireland),200418)She pointed out so many problems and if government overcomes this entire problem can able to make better India, but till now government as not yet started to work on these projects. This shows that as a leader she identifies the problem with no solution. This is also one of her weakness.(Financial Times,200620)Analysis of Leadership capabilities and style of Sonia GandhiTo Analysis of different capabilities of Sonia Gandhi, first of all need to understand the property of Her Leadership StyleShe is more focus on a genial cause.She is more dedicated to her Husband dream to build a unexampled India.She is dutiful toward the Congress party and especially depends on the party decision.When working alone she is more dedicated toward her husband cause and the Mother -in-law cause in her mind to her safety and agreement.Sonia Gandhi attributes t ransactional leadership style of Reward e.g. umpteen of the follower getting position in her ministry of government formation like Dr.Manmohan Singh as a Prime minister as dickens true Period, P.Chitabaram as a Union Minister of Home Affair and many others get reward in term of position and money and punishments to them if they do not obey to them in terms of recent News of switch of chief minister of Maharashtra Chhagan Bhujpal and Mr. Suresh Kalmadi CEO of Common Wealth Game.According to D.Golleman, 200123 uncanny leader has different way of directing their group, some of them are analytical, others are charismatic and can go with their gut. Their leadership type depends upon the situation. The effective leader has high degree of emotional intelligence. It is a kind of sin quo non for a leadership. The emotional intelligence not only distinguishes from extraordinary leader but also link to outstanding performance. Research also proves that the right blast can develop their em otional intelligent. Thus in order to analyze the Sonia Gandhi emotional intelligent with the five components at whole shebang are as followsSelf Awareness This is the capabilities of a person for realistic self assessment. Sonia Gandhi has a high self awareness as she know that her Italian nationality will affect if she go for the prime minister post, it was also her self-awareness that she will be targeted like husband and her mother in-law if she will stay in the highest office.Self Regulation This is the ability of self control. As Sonia Gandhi has a high self control as one of the reason for her success. There are many instances where her Italian comport created a problem but with her trustiness and integrity she architect the party situation and make strong in the general election for 2004 and 2009,And with the self control she make a place in the heart of all Indian and proves that she is loyal to the unpolished and her party. motif It is a love beyond money and status to achieve success. Sonia Gandhi is passing motivated with her party, during the general election for 2004 she attended three to four companying in a day. When the future of the party was in danger she joins the party and her passion to success and believe in the people, analyze the basic problem which help party to win the election.Empathy This is the ability to understand the emotion of the others people. In term of Sonia Gandhi this empathy is lacking somewhere, in spite of the party member request to become the Prime minister she listens to her inner voice.Social Skills This is the ability of a person to make friendliness and pursue to move in their direction. It is building and tether a team. The above three component which includes self awareness, self pattern and motivation is all about the self managerial skills and the other two components of empathy and social skill is more about the peoples ability to manage the team. scarcely the control of Sonia on the party is more t han the social skills it is more instinct to say that it is a respect as a torchbearer of Nehru Dynasty in the party member than the friendliness which peruses them to achieve their objective.ConclusionThe above evidence of Sonia Gandhi leadership style conclude that some time situation can develop a leadership quality in spite it is not your birth palace, sometime the vortex can throw into the politics and you have to control it effectively. The same situation is with Sonia Gandhi in which she started as a leader for Congress, a province in which Hindi is the First language , A country which is dominated by the Hindus and a person of Christian origin, A country having a one of the complex democracy in the world, obligation on her Italian origin, The tragedy of assassination of her mother in-law and her husband when they are at their highest office of the country which was not an easy task but with her charismatic style she made it, The entry of her in the politics and pitch-blac k lost of her party in that election, revolt against her in the party, believe of some of the party member that she might be imitate as a Indira Gandhi which was consider as a authoritarian style of leadership qualities, A lady which is treated as sphinx after the marriage till the death of her husband. In spite of so many difficulties, lack of experience, she was motivated with her husband dream and decided to not to give up so easily, she is able to manage and learn from the past mistake, effectively response with the situation and with her transactional leadership style she architects the Congress party and shows a new direction to the country with her leadership qualities. She proves herself as a true Indian. But the entry of her son one side boost her political career but same time it is a feeling of nepotism factor toward her son, also the nuclear deal with USA is one of her weakness which will affect the development of the country in future. According to Len Sperry, 2002 eff ective leader are those which can counterweight the personal development their followers and themselves. Effective leaders have a high degree of emotional intelligence of five components at works research by D.Goleman, 2001,Sonia Gandhi have high degree of self awareness, self regulation and motivation but she is lacking in empathy and social skills which is a very crucial for herself as a effective leadership.ReferencesBBC News,(2009),Profile Sonia Gandhi, BBC News,30 MarchOnline.Available at http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3546851.stm (Accessed on twentieth October2010)Independent, The(London, England)/Financial Times,(1999), The Saturday Profile Sonia Gandhi, Indian Politician-The Widow who would be queen, Financial Times,24 Aprilonline.Available at , http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=0F26DB662517BD73p_docnum=5p_queryname=3 Accessed on 20th October2010)Peter Phopam, (1 999), The Saturday Profile Sonia Gandhi, Indian Politician-The Widow who will be Queen, The Independent,24 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//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=1249FB2022D6CED8p_docnum=22p_queryname=3 (Accessed on first November2010)Irish Times,2004,Gandhi in negotiations to form a new coalition, The Irish Times,15 MayOnline,Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=102A2564AABA0F24p_docnum=50p_queryname=3 (accessed on 1st November2010)Economist Intelligence Unit Views Wire News Analysis (England),2007,Indian Politics Dead Lock over thermonuclear deal, Economist Intelligence Unit Views Wire News Analysis (England),24MayOnline,Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=11C89B2B4B182A08p_docnum=20p_queryname=6 (Accessed on 7th November2010)Economist Intelligence Unit Views Wire News Analysis (England),20 08,Indian Politics Another Prime minister Gandhi?, Economist Intelligence Unit Views Wire News Analysis (England),22 MayOnline,Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=12126D9507661E88p_docnum=12p_queryname=2 (accessed on 7th November2010)Newsletter (Belfast, Northern Ireland),2004,Threat to Gandhis, Newsletter (Belfast, Northern Ireland),25JuneOnline,Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=101D62169008C267p_docnum=14p_queryname=1(Accessed on 7th November2010)David Orr,2004, I will change India and make it richer, Vows Sonia Gandhi, sunlight Telegraph(United Kingdom),16MayOnline,Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=102A23D54548BCB7p_docnum=29p_queryname=1 (Acces sed on 7th November2010)Financial Times (2006), Leader Back to Indian Basics Gandhi has identifies the problems, but no solution, Financial Times,17 MayOnline, http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=1158A165F02F53C0p_docnum=57p_queryname=1 (accessed on 7th November2010)P T.Joseph, SJ (2007), EQ and Leadership, Tata McGraw Hills, New Delhi.D.Goleman, Michael MacCoby,Thomas Devenport,Jonh C. Berk,Clampa Dan, (2001), Harvard Business inspection on What Makes a Leader, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Google.(Online)Available at http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=062ZmEc3dmACprintsec=frontcoverdq=inauthor%22Daniel+Goleman%22hl=enei=S17XTPKhDMawhQew4ISvBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=5ved=0CEgQ6wEwBDgKv=onepageqf=false (Accessed on 7th November2010)Mark Ellis(2004),Sonia the New Mrs Gandhi,The Mirror,14 May,online.Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds. ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docp_docid=10292711A017C00Ap_docnum=4p_queryname=3 (Accessed on 8th November2010)Micheal Seridan(2005),Indias ruling odd couple fall out, sunlight Times,15 May,online.Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=10A2B0EF968AB0AEp_docnum=12p_queryname=19 (Accessed on 8th November2010)Jeremy Page,(2008),Political Queen battle it out over plan for 10,000 Jobs-India, The Times,14 October,Online.Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=123D1A7A22CEE380p_docnum=18p_queryname=25 (Accessed on 8th November2010)Financial Times,(2008),India Battle with return of Inflation-Long Term solution are needed, but not implemented, Financial Times,5 May,Online.Available at http//0-infoweb.newsbank.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/iw-search/ we/InfoWeb?p_product=UKNBp_theme=aggregated5p_action=docf_lastaction=docp_docid=1207B6E739D23348p_docnum=25p_queryname=25 (Accessed on 8th November2010)Len Sperry, 2002, Effective Leadership, London, Brunner-Rout ledge.J. M.Kouzes, B. Z. Posner, (2007),The Leadership Challenge, Forth Edition USA, Jossey BassPeter G.Northhouse, 1997, Leadership Theory and Practice, USA, keen Publication, Inc.Heidi Brown,2009,The 100 Most powerful women in the world,Forbes.com,8 Augustonline,available at http//www.forbes.com/lists/2009/11/power-women-09_Sonia-Gandhi_W5BY.html (Accessed on 12th November2010)

The Production Of Goodfellas Film Studies Essay

The Production Of Goodfellas take Studies EssayGoodfellas is ground on a book called Wiseguy written by Nicholas Pileggi. Martin Scorsese is the director to goodfellas and at the metre never intended to compel other gangster mafia fritter until he involve a review of the book which in position was the inspiration behind reading it in the first place. Scorsese was al counselings interest by the mafia deportmentstyle and the book Wiseguy was in his legal opinion the most(prenominal) non- simileal representation of a mafia crew he had read. He knew what patient of of approach he treasured to take after reading Pileggis book. He cherished to begin with an explosion of violence and have the plastic film make for for express and more violent from therefore on. From his render of view, it was the provided way workable to acceptedly sense the exhilaration of the fast passed lifetimestyle and excessively to portray the attraction al set of people find in that split of lifestyle.Scorsese was drawn to the idea of the book Wiseguy being written as a documentary. It orders you a sense of the day to day activities the mafia crew apply to go about up to. The way they operate, how they take over businesses and for what reasons.It took twelve drafts to consider the ideal script which Scorsese and Pileggi both(prenominal) collaborated on. The script itself was stage to draw and quarterher wish well building blocks made up of sections of the book they both liked. The traditional record structure was not followed because Scorsese cute to rather start in the substance of the film and move backwards and forwards. Another motion-picture show called Pulp fiction directed by Quentin Tarintino in any case uses this said(prenominal) physical body of narrative structure. Scorsese wanted to deal with the gangster painting episode by episode. This is how the photograph has been pellet through tabu. After watching the movie for about an hour, th e viewer will take why the director has d sensation this. It is so the viewer john put the movie together in their heads. In the movie there is also a voice over to give a sense of documentary. To give a sense of unity s own opinion and in this case it is Henri hill that is telling you what exactly happened.Scorsese was able to secure the capital to create the movie once sham Robert De Niro agreed to play value Conway in the movie. Robert De Niro was a truly well contend extravagantly rank actor in Hollywood and this was a sense of security for the financiators. Scorsese casted actor atomic number 75 Liotta to play Henri heap in the movie but only after he saw him in Something Wild directed by Jonathan Demme and thought he had allot of explosive energy in that movie. Liotta had read Wiseguy and was substantively intrigued by the realism of the book. A couple of years posterior it was brought to his attention that Scorsese was going to turn it into a film. Iiotta auditio ned for the part of Henry Hill in 1988 and campaigned aggressively for the role in the film. It is rumoured that the studio wanted a well known actor instead.To prep ar for the Jimmy Conway role, De Niro researched material that had been throw out when the book was initially written. This was only done after De Niro consulted Pileggi first. De Niro also consulted the real Henri hill about the real Jimmy Burke. He wanted to know how Burke walked, talked, held his cig arette and so on. This type of research put in by De Niro let him give an exceptionally realistic portrayal of the real gangster Burke. Ray Liotta would harken to old FBI audio cassette tapes of Hill when practicing his caliber for the movie. He took note of the way the real Hill would speak and would listen and mimic the way he would speak to slowly condition his lecturing the same way Hills was. Lorraine Bracco who played Karren in the movie wanted and try to get as close as possible to a real life mafia wife to g et an idea of what that sort of fiber would be like. She was unfortunately unable to analyse any offer her real life subjects because they exist only in a very high tight-knit community. In her opinion it was better if the creation came from her. Paul Sorvino didn t have untold of a problem when portraying his grapheme Pauli in the movie. However it is said that he found it challenging to actually provide how cold hearted and ruthless the real life character could be. In his opinion this was only achievable when his own family were threatened.The real Henry Hill was paying about five hundred thousand a couple of weeks before the veridical filming for the movie took place. The film was shot in cutting York, queens, New Jersey and Long Island over a period of trio months in the summer. Scorsese had a budget of twenty five million dollars to create the masterpiece but in those long time it was still a middle level budget movie. The film was broken down into many distinguish able sequences and Scorsese storyboarded everything because of the complicated style throughout. It is considered that he wanted a lot of execution and wanted the gangster action to be throughout the whole picture. In the movie the style seems to break down at the end and gets out of control when approaching Henry Hill s last days as a wiseguy. It is also considered that the style of the film comes from the first dickens or ternary minutes of 1962 French film Jules and Jim directed by Francois Truffaut. The quick edits, barricade frames, extensive narration and local multiple shots are all tools used in the making of goodfellas. It was this reckless attitude towards the stuffy sort of filming that capsulized how hectic and frantic the characters lives within the movie were. When watching the movie from start to finish it is evident that Scorsese vision was to overwhelm the listening with as much information as possible. Gangster life is very rich so he put a lot of contingent into each and every chance. Many times in the movie it would freeze and Liotta would voice over the freeze frame. He used these to highlight a point in Henrys life.The picture show where Joe Pesci kills spider for talking back to him was a hard place setting to do in Pesci s opinion because he had a difficult time relating to the real person the character was establish on. He had trouble justifying the action and the only way he could get around that was by not judging his character and putting himself in Tommy s shoes and making himself feel the same way his character felt. The scene where Lorraine Braco was about to shoot Henry Hill in the impudence on the bed was an emotional one. Many times in the movie her character is portrayed as an abused wife surrounded by crime and violence. Her portrayal of a gangster s wife was once again a description of how seducing it can be by getting baffling with a gangster like Henry Hill. It is said that if she did not make her work import ant then it would probably end up on the cutting room floor taking into account it was a mannish dominated cast.During some of the rehearsals Scorsese let the actors do and say whatever they wanted to for that particular scene. He made transcripts of various sessions and then whenever an actor came up with a good line he would use it in his rewrite script that the whole cast worked on. An example of this is the what so funny scene where Tommy tells a story about getting beaten up by the cops and Henry responds by calling him funny. This scene was based on an actual event that Joe Pesci was involved in. The actors worked on it during the rehearsals and Scorsese took around four to five takes, one a little bit different to the other. He then rewrote both of theirs dialogue and inserted it into the script. All of this gives a very convincing portrayal of what gangsters were really like because at the point of hit the scene, the actors are themselves the character they are acting. Th e lighting used in the scene is a little low-spirited and mysterious. A lot of red lighting is used which almost gives a sense of danger which relates to the fact that the room is full of dangerous gangsters. there was one long tracking shot that followed Liotta and Lorraine from outside the Copacabana nightclub and followed them proper(a) through the whole nightclub until their characters sat down. The shot was over three minutes long and captured many different aspects of Henry s life as a gangster. It shows how Henry has his whole life ahead of him and how much of an important figure he had already become. The scene does a large(p) job at portraying Henry Hill as a celebrity and to highlight the respect people have for him. The scene is a metaphor on how seducing the high profile gangster life can be. Scorsese shot this scene about eight times because he wanted it to be exactly perfect. Near the end of the movie Scorsese wanted to decent show Henry Hills state of anxiety, par anoia and all the racing thoughts going through his head due to the amount of drugs in him like cocaine and amphetamines. It was a hard shoot to do because in real life Ray Liotta had never been under any of these influences. The scenes were shot perfectly and really encapsulate the hysteria behind his characters out of control life at the time. As if to show the characters life was spinning out of control and getting faster every step of the way until one day he hits a brick wall at full speed. The movie was ended with Henry regretting that he no longer was a gangster. Scorsese wanted the movie to end like this because he was trying to engage with the audience. He wanted the audience to get angry at the character and also at the system that allows this sort of thing.The movie showed a cold, unfeeling and horrible view of the mafia life style where all the bad guys are good. That is why the name itself is called Goodfellas, another variation of wiseguys, mobsters and gangsters but a t the end of the day their all the same meaning. The violence in the movie was depicted realistically as possible with the added detail of freeze frames and voice-overs. It was a documentary type of movie based on true events which is also highlighted near at the beginning of the movie. Scorsese s directors cut had so much blood in the uncut adaptation of the movie that he had to remove around ten very myopic gruesome scenes just to ensure an R rating. Goodfellas was Scorsese s most dear(predicate) film to date which cost him twenty five million to make. It was shown a couple of times in California where some of the viewers got a little agitated by the portrayal of Hills last day as a gangster in the mafia because of the way it was shot. Thelma Schoonmaker was the editor for the movie and together she and Scorsese made the sequence faster and faster with a lot more jump cuts to convoy Henry s drug fuelled point of view. When Scorsese did a test screening, about forty people walk ed out in the very first ten minutes however the favourite scene for test audiences happened to be the what s so funny scene which subsequently ended up being the most remember able scene of the movie.The soundtrack was chosen by Scorsese and he really wanted to use the right kind of medicinal drug that commented the scene or the character in an abdominal external oblique muscle way. He did have a rule for this and it was basically to use music that was around at that time. For example, if a scene is in nineteen seventy three then he could use any song or type of music that was current at the time or older. A lot of the non dialogue scenes were shot with just music or a particular song and he even had a song called Layla by Derek and the Dominos playing in the background of the actual shot when shooting the scene where all the dead bodies are discovered.The premiere of Goodfellas was held at Venice Film Festival in 1990 where Scorsese deservingly was awarded the Silver Lion award for best director. It was then released all over the world starting in America and ultimately grossing forty seven million which was almost double the amount of funds he had put in. There was much critical acclaim to the movie where it scored top scores on review sites alike. Rotten Tomatoes is a movie review website and they gave this movie 97% also commenting on it calling it massive cinema. When watching this movie you can t help but bankers bill the outlaw energy vibrating off every second of the flick. When analysing this movie, it is considered to be one of the most picturesque portrayals of the mafia gangster life styles however in my opinion it comes second to the realism portrayal of the Godfather trilogy with the first one released in 1972.

Thursday, March 28, 2019

A Marxist Criticism on The Importance of Being Earnest :: essays research papers

A loss Criticism on The Importance of Being EarnestExcuse me Ge absentrey, could you bug out me well-nigh more water. Im terriblythirsty, and the weather out here isnt doing every good for my complexion.declares the man as he sighs in exhaustion.Right international sir, anything else? proclaims the servant.No that will be all. says the man as he waves off the servant.So is this the scene of yesteryears nightspot or one of todays, well inactuality it can be either. In todays macrocosm the rich still confide on thatlers andmaids. It seems to be a practice that will always outlast in this world, just thequestion largely is not on their jobs, but if they are deemed of a different pattern, and sadly to say yes. In todays world it seems that class is still ahuge part of the world order, and merely it seems that there will always bethe rich and poor, the owner and the worker. This is still demonstrated by theliterature of our time and that of other eras, such as the assemble T he Importanceof Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde. In this play Wilde displays the class bodily structure with a different and interesting twist. He makes a reflection on the family with his own sense of humor, but til now it still leaves a very goodopportunity to make a Marxist critique about the way the class structureinfluences the play. He leaves room for these critiques when he writes aboutthe servants, the nobles, and the middle class. His view on society and classis very evident on the way the servants are portrayed.I dont know that I am much interested in your family life, LaneNo sir its not a very interesting subject. I never say of itmyself.In this passage from the play it is very clear that Wilde likes to givehis characters some life, but however it seemed that he was giving the servantsa bit likewise much, but nevertheless it does establish very well the position ofthose servants. In the society Wilde is presenting it seems that the place ofthe servant was not only for man ual labor, but also to provide conversation, andto compliment the employers personalities. In the story the idea of class wasdemonstrated by the interaction between Lane and Algernon even though Lane waswitty he did know his place as a servant and throughout the play the servantswere an excellent reminder that class structure did exist. Wildes idea of awitty servant has even spawned off into todays society with television sitcoms

Destructive Relationships in Wuthering Heights :: Wuthering Heights Essays

Destructive Relationships in Wuthering Heights         Many quite a little in the world argon trying to find a perfect companion. Some of these may marry and not make love what their new conserve or wife is like. This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop mingled with two friends that stem from jealousy, entrust for revenge, uncaring p atomic number 18nts, etc. Emily Bront&235s Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy.         Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an chemical element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all in all the financial aid from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his fix. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died. other example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such(prenominal) a drunk and a gambler that he could not the right way care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son Linton. Heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Lintons fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliffs enmity toward his son. Linton even says ... my father endanger me, and I dread him - I dread him(244) to express his feeling closely Heathcliff . The hostility and separation between father and son in this hold shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children.         This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage  in which the husbands or wives dont know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really know Heathcli ff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at all. To declare her feelings she wrote Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he phrenetic? And if not, is he a devil? I shant tell my reasons for making this doubt but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what I have married ...(125). Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar Linton. Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Never The Twain Shall Meet Book Report :: essays research papers

Throughout the ITP program and the lower level ASL classes the hang Gallaudet is driven into our heads. We k flat of the University named after him and how he was the serviceman to bring statement to the Deaf in America. What was non before mentioned is that there were two Gallaudets. The offset thing I learned from this book is the importance of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and his news Edward Miner Gallaudet. I fact I had believed for some time now that E.M. Gallaudet was this extraordinary man that everyone loved and the named a university after him. It is unfortunate that this was non made clearer in the past. Now all I see is a man who took the only path that he knew how to take. E.M. Gallaudet had very little option but to instruct in the way that he did. It is true that it was in the long run his choice but I believe that nurture is much more than powerful than nature. E.M.s mother was taught sign and communicated in sign to her save and child. Naturally E.M. would thi nk this is the best method of instruction. To think other wisely would be to say that his mother was inadequate. In turn this would mean that his procreation was inadequate which would lead to the conclusion that he himself was an inadequate person. For his own redemption and peace of mind E.M. was given his path at birth. For him to take a shit strayed from this would have ended up being a long and lonely driveway cutting all ties with the past. So E.M. like any normal man of that time chose to follow the path that was set out for him. T.H. Gallaudet was himself a teacher and I am sure passed on many of these traits to his son if not genetically then in his upbringing. It was no surprise to me after conclusion out that T.H. was himself a teacher that E.M. would be a teacher. This was further specializing in that T.H. was a teacher of the Deaf, which was to be the life long profession for E.M. In the beginning E.M. wanted to be a business man and exculpate lots of money. This is probably attributed to the life he must have had with his paternity living the lifestyle of a minister. His dreams were of course cut short when his develop died.

Tuesday, March 26, 2019

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Character Analysis, Janie

Speech is arguably the primary source of communication for humanity, modify us to experience and share life with one other done our words. However, we see a different path of life in Janie, the important contribution in the book Their Eyes Were Watching God. Janies character evolves with using control of calm d experience to her benefit, helping her find what she has always struggled to curb Individuality and independence. The relationships Janie has with her three husbands revolve around three versions of silence, while in pursuit of what she c anys her pear tree, her true love. Logan forces silence from Janie which becomes an oppressor Joe exploits Janies silence and uses it as a manipulator and Janies only true love, teatime Cake, allows Janie to control silence, which becomes her liberator. In the book Their Eyes Were Watching God, silence is unembellished as an evolving source of empowerment and identity for Janie, in that her character is shape not only by her speech but, more importantly, by her silence.In Janies journey to find herself, she initially has limited control of her own life, being forced into marriage by nurse. Nanny wants what she feels is scoop out for Janie, deficiency for her to have security and protection. This marriage provides the perfect solution in Nannys eyes Nanny promises Janie that all will go hale with her marriage even though it may not seem so at the time. Janie reluctantly agrees, but soon realizes that Logan does not have her best interest at heart, causing her to quickly tire of him. Soon after(prenominal) Nannys death, the reader sees Logan change entirely. He commands Janie by gild her around, expecting her to do whatever he demands of her. With Janie being a child, she is somewhat lost(p) to defend herself ... ...of love the reader sees from Tea Cake is his rescuing Janie from the dog attack. This unravels the mystery, telltale(a) that Tea Cake does really love Janie he is her pear rash on her pear tree.Hurston successfully uses speech and silence to create a fascinating story about a young charr who grows up to find her individuality and in the end, her pear blossom. Logan, Joe, and Tea Cake all play an integral part in Janie becoming the strong, independent woman she is, ultimately allowing her to break the chain of abuse suffered by her mother and grandmother. lock is the barrier in Janies life that she endures through the suffering, Janie emerges to honor the struggles in her life, transformed into a woman who is beautiful, mature, and strong. Janie is rewarded with peace and happiness that her life at one time offers, with the pear tree that is forever hers to embrace.

A New Age in Space Exploration? :: Space Exploration Essays

A Re advanceded Spirit of Discovery was the title of president Bushs speech for his vision of peeled dummy geographic expedition. Since the debate was given on January 14, 2004, it has produced viable concerns from those who support and oppose the initiative. Arguments for and against it accept appe bed in all types of media, and to a greater extent importantly in the minds of Americans. This Literature Review will discuss umpteen of these beliefs in order to achieve a strong-rounded, objective analysis of the issue. only before any opinions are put forth, it is always important to colloquy about the relative facts. Why put forth a new vision?Over past 30 years, it is hard to say that we have explored space. It is more appropriate to say we have conquered man flight in Earths lower orbit. Truly, the Apollo Missions to the moon, which ended in the mid 70s, was also the end to Manned shoes Exploration. We have continued to prepare satellites and space stations to orb it the earth, and robots and satellites to explore Mars and Deep Space. By proposing to put humans on the Moon and Mars, the President has not changed our manned space exploration policy he has created one.President George W. Bush proposed a new age in Space Exploration on January 14, 2004. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was only part of his reasoning for announcing a new direction for NASA. A reason not as well known is the current lack of any direction for NASA. Other than displace probes and robots to Deep Space and Mars, NASA has continued to upgrade current projects like the Hubble Space Telescope. 3 Not since the design of the Space Shuttle around 1980 has a new and demanding project been given to NASA. It is essential that the brilliant minds at NASA be pushed to greatness. The Presidents new plan for Moon and Mars landings will endure the direction and new energy needed for NASA 2. NASA Director Sean O Keefe has in full agreed with the need to challenge NASA a nd push its abilities to another level.Space Exploration HistoryHumans are constantly exploring new horizons, which in suit raise the bar for new ideas to conquer the next step in exploration. New goals force the development of new technologies, which in turn are used to design technologies that affect everyday Americans.

Monday, March 25, 2019

The Missouri Compromise :: American America History

The minute agreeA compromise is when two or more parties in dis arranging reach an agreement that does not give all sides exactly what they necessitate, but enough of what they want so that they can be happy. Compromise is the best possible closure to a conflict however it does not alship canal work. One call for only to look at situations such as the Bosnia-Herzegovina to see that. During the events forward to the American Civil War, many different compromises were made in an travail to impede the growing disagreements. stock-still this merely prolonged the inevitable. The differences in the midst of northwesterly and South were far to great and compromise did not stand a chance at preventing the impending conflict. This was most clearly shown in the ways in which the three main compromises, the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, fai lead.In 1820 Missouri wanted to join the mating as a slave state. As this would ruin the balance betw een Slave states and Free states in the Senate, henry Clay proposed the Missouri compromise. This arranged it that while Missouri was admitted as a Slave state, Maine was also admitted as a free state. It also created an imaginary number line along the 36o latitude, where bondage was allowed below it but prevented above it. However they limited themselves by only applying the Compromise to lands gained in the Louisiana purchase. This led to conflict after the Mexican war in which America gained invigorated territories in the West. This doomed the Missouri Compromise, which was probably the most promising of the three. Had the Compromise been applied to all American lands then perhaps it could have succeeded. preferably the Missouri Compromise failed and only led to further conflict between north and south in the future.In 1849 once again the Union was facing the same crises it had faced in 1820. California now wanted to be admitted as a free state. Once again hydrogen Clay cam e up with a compromise to resolve this conflict. California would then be admitted as free while the rest of the Southwest territories would get back the slavery issue by popular sovereignty. It would also abolish slavery altogether in Washington DC and initiate a stronger flying slave law to appease the South. This last concession angered mint in the North however. Free blacks were concerned as now a Southerner could accuse any black person as being a runaway slave.